“…The presence of covalent bonds leads to permanent 'chemical' cross-links within the network, whereas the other three types of weaker 'physical' forces contribute to a complex set of more temperature-dependent interactions ). In addition, process parameters (e.g., temperature, protein content, ionic strength, pH, the presence of other components, ultrasound pretreatment, and high-pressure homogenization) also can influence the structures and mechanical properties of protein-based bulk emulsion gels (Bi, et al, 2020;Cheng, et al, 2019).…”