Effect of ultrasonication on physicochemical properties of apple based nanocellulose-calcium carbonate composites

Abstract

In order to improve optical properties of materials made of nanocellulose and also minimalize costs, small amounts of mineral fillers such as different forms of calcium carbonate are added. In this work nanocellulose was obtained from apple pomace. The precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) in amount of 3.74 ± 1.36% of a sample dry matter was deposited on cellulose fibers during isolation process. Isolated cellulose was then treated with ultrasonic method in order to obtain apple cellulose nanofibrills (ACNF)/ PCC nanocomposites. Different ultrasonication conditions were applied in order to evaluate how time (0-60 min) and power (0-400 W) influence on the ACNF/PCC nanocomposites properties. Moreover structure, chemical composition, morphology and rheological properties of both cellulose and composites were characterized. Also the mechanical properties of nanopapers made of ACNF/PCC nanocellulose were measured. The nanofibril structure of ultrasound processed cellulose was confirmed. In all cases samples were pseudoplastic fluids with quite low viscosity. The mean hydrodynamic diameter of particle dispersions decreased the most after use of ultrasounds for 60 min and the obtained dispersions were also the most homogeneous. The elastic modulus of obtained nanopapers were 2-3 GPa and tensile strength 60-70 MPa and in general ultrasonication improved their rigidity.

Hygroscopic, structural, and thermal properties of essential oil microparticles of sweet orange added with cellulose nanofibrils

“…The diameter of the fibers is commonly within the range of 10–100 nm and a length of few micrometers, depending on the disintegration power (Nechyporchuk et al, ; Shak et al, ). Nanocellulose has unique mechanical properties, such as high strength, flexibility, high surface area to volume ratio, and high aspect ratio (fiber length to width ratio), relatively low density, as well as form gel‐like structure in water with shear thinning and thixotropic behavior (Barbash et al, ; Lavoratti, Scienza, & Zattera, ; Szymańska‐Chargot et al, ). Thus, the nanocellulose has microparticle application in order mainly to increase the thermal resistance (Rowe, Tajvidi, & Gardner, ) and to stabilize the emulsions (Mikulcová, Bordes, & Kašpárková, ).…”

“…Properties of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) depend on the vegetable raw materials and processing methods. Typically, the techniques employ different processes such mechanical disintegration (e.g., grinding, refining, and ultrasonication) (Barbash, Yaschenko, & Shniruk, ; Szymańska‐Chargot et al, ), as well as biological (with specific bacteria and enzymes) and chemical (with acids and alkalis) (Kaya et al, ; Mujtaba, Kaya, et al, ; Mujtaba, Salaberria, et al, ; Mujtaba, Sargin, & Kaya, ), to produce various types of CNF, which differ in morphology, crystallinity, and surface chemistry (Nechyporchuk, Belgacem, & Bras, ; Shak, Pang, & Mah, ; Zhang, Barhoum, Xiaoqing, Li, & Samyn, ).…”

Characterization of aqueous cellulose nanofiber dispersions from microscopy movie data of Brownian particles by trajectory analysis

“…[17][18][19][20] Furthermore, mixtures of CNFs with colloidal particles attract attention because of their many potential applications. 21,22 The nanocomposites where CNFs are lled with colloidal particles have been of interest also in terms of the moisture diffusion in them. 23 The nanocomposite with CNFs can be fabricated in such a way so as to work as a conductive 24 or bendable and exible supercapacitor.…”

“…Ultrasonication can affect the consequent nanopaper properties. 22 The blending of different types of CNFs can lead to improved mechanical properties of nanopapers. 40,41 The network structure of CNFs has been focused on in these existing reports, but it is nontrivial to directly evaluate it unless the samples are dried.…”

Isolation and characterization of micro cellulose obtained from waste mango

“…Sonication process was applied after acid hydrolysis in order to disintegrate the fibres into microfibres in water dispersion to reduce the viscosity and allow efficient propagation of the vibration through the dispersion. Szymańska-Chargot et al [29] and Kasuga et al [30] techniques were modified and the dispersion was then subjected to sonication for 5 min at a power of 99 W using a Branson 5510MT ultrasonic cleaner. Subsequently, the samples were centrifuged at 6300 x g at 4 °C for 15 min and dried at 40 °C for 24 h [27] .…”