Effect of ulnar nerve block on blood flow in the reflexly vasodilated digit

Arnott, W. Melville; MacFie, John

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1948.sp004266

Cited by 50 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Allowance was made for the variations in calorimeter temperature by applying the correction suggested by Arnott & Macfie (1948) and modified by Cooper, Cross, Greenfield, Hamilton & Scarborough (1949). Arterial blood supplying the hand was assumed to be at 360 C (Bazett, Love, Newton, Eisenberg, Day & Forster, 1948) The room temperatures were 185-24' C with relative humidity 60-73 % for the hot and 21-5-27.50 C with humidity 55-76% for the cold infusions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between the vasomotor response in the hand and heat changes in the body induced by intravenous infusions of hot or cold saline

Snell¹

1954

The Journal of Physiology

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Under what are regarded in temperate climates as comfortable environmental conditions, the body temperature is regulated largely by varying the heat lost from the skin through regulation of its blood flow. In this regulation two sets of receptors seem to be involved, those in the skin or superficial structures and those in the deep structures, possibly the brain. That cold applied to the skin produces vasoconstriction reflexly was shown by Frangois-Franck (1876) and confirmed by Pickering (1932). Reflex vasodilatation to heating the skin has been demonstrated by Kerslake & Cooper (1950) who have shown that the receptors concerned are innervated by fibres travelling through the paravertebral sympathetic ganglia (Cooper & Kerslake, 1953). The existence of deep temperature receptors initiating homeostatic cutaneous vascular reflexes was demonstrated by Pickering (1932) and confirmed by Gibbon & Landis (1932). Although it has been shown in animals that vasoconstriction and vasodilatation can be produced by cooling and heating certain parts of the hypothalamus, it is not known whether this is the location of the central receptors which in man seem to be sensitive to quite small changes in temperature.The work here described is concerned with the behaviour of the central receptors. Its object was to discover to what extent graded changes in blood temperature, produced by infusing hot or cold saline intravenously, were reflected in corresponding changes in cutaneous vascular tolie. METHODSLitre bottles of pyrogen-free 0-85 % NaCl ('Sterivac'-Allen and Hanbury's Ltd.) were used on all occasions. If temperatures higher or lower than that of the room were required for the infusions, the bottles were suspended in a thermostatically controlled water-bath, and the tubing leading to the intravenous needle was lagged.The air inlet of the saline bottle was connected to an air volume recorder which thus measured the volume of fluid used at each infusion to ± 5 ml. No account was taken of differing tempera-

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between the vasomotor response in the hand and heat changes in the body induced by intravenous infusions of hot or cold saline

Snell¹

1954

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Body heating causes reflex vasodilatation in the skin of the forearm and hand. In the hand this is due to release of vasoconstrictor tone (Arnott and Macfie, 1948;Gaskell, 1956;Roddie, Shepherd, and Whelan, 1957b), but in the forearm it is due to an active vasodilator mechanism (Grant and Holling, 1938;Edholm, Fox, and Macpherson, 1957;Roddie et al, 1957a;Fox and Hilton, 1958).…”

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confidence: 99%

Peripheral Vascular Effects of Bretylium Tosylate in Man

Blair

Glover

Kidd

et al. 1960

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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After intra-arterial infusion of bretylium tosylate (12.5 mg.), the reflex changes in vasoconstrictor tone which normally occur in the forearm with body cooling, positive pressure breathing, the Valsalva mancouvre and postural change were greatly reduced or abolished. Reflex vasodilatation mediated by cholinergic fibres in response to body heating or to emotional stress was little affected. It was concluded that bretylium can selectively block the activity of sympathetic noradrenergic fibres without causing a similar block of sympathetic cholinergic fibres. As the responses to intravenous or intra-arterial infusions of adrenaline or noradrenaline were not reduced after bretylium, it was concluded that bretylium interferes with the activity of noradrenergic fibres rather than with the activity of the noradrenaline released at the nerve ending. After bretylium infusion, forearm and hand blood flow did not often rise to levels characteristic of full release of vasoconstrictor tone. As infusion of bretylium into a nerve-blocked forearm resulted in a pronounced reduction in flow, it is concluded that bretylium also has a constrictor effect on blood vessels. The state of the vessels following an infusion of bretylium appears to depend on the balance between this constrictor action and the longer-acting sympathetic blocking effect.Bretylium tosylate (" Darenthin," Burroughs Wellcome) is one of a series of benzyl quaternary ammonium compounds described by Boura and Green (1959). Experiments in cats suggested that it blocks the peripheral sympathetic (adrenergic) nervous system selectively, without antagonizing the effects of released or injected adrenaline or noradrenaline, and without depression of the parasympathetic or central nervous systems. A preliminary trial in hypertensive patients by Boura, Green, McCoubrey, Laurence, Moulton and Rosenheim (1959) has shown that it lowers the supine blood pressure slightly and causes postural hypotension; and measurements of the circulatory response to the Valsalva manceuvre in a healthy volunteer by Dornhorst (1959) confirmed that the drug produces effects characteristic of block of the sympathetic system.In the present experiments we have studied the effect of bretylium tosylate on certain vascular reflexes in the human hand and forearm. A brief account of this work has previously been published (Blair, Glover, Kidd and Roddie, 1959). METHODS The experiments were carried out on male normotensive subjects, who lay supine on a couch in a laboratory maintained at a temperature of 20 to 210. The subjects were lightly clad but covered with a blanket. Blood flow in the hands or forearms was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. A needle was inserted in the left brachial artery in the antecubital fossa, and through it 0.9%

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“…Although several authors have demonstrated stress-induced skin temperature changes, the mechanisms by which odorants induce such changes are unknown. As blood vessels are supplied only by vasoconstrictor efferents, it has been suggested that emotional stress leads to cutaneous vasoconstriction, thus lowering skin temperature (Abramson & Ferris 1940;Arnott & Macfie 1948;Gaskell 1956;Kellerova & Delius 1969;Roddie et al 1957;Vallbo et al 1979). Sympathetic nerve-mediated vasodilation has also been reported to occur during stress (Allwood et al, 1959;Harris et al, 1952;Roddie 1983), although there are no known vasodilator nerve fibers connected to the cutaneous vessels in humans (Rowell, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Versatile Psychophysiological Potencies of Essential Oils, when Seen as a Function of Behavioral Task Assigned to the Participants after Inhalation

Sugawara¹,

Shigetho²,

Yoneda³

et al. 2015

International Journal of Social Science Studies

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To elucidate the psychophysiological effect of inhaling essential oils, in this paper, we sought to assess the following 12 essential oils: basil, bergamot, cardamom, cinnamon, juniper, lemon, orange, palmarosa, peppermint, sandalwood, spearmint, and ylang ylang. As these being target odors, we focused on the verbal (semantic) and non-verbal (skin temperature) endpoints of the stimuli. In our experimental design, we managed to assign different behavioral tasks to the participants. The Uchida-Kraepelin test was used as a mental arithmetic task and listening to environmental (natural) sounds as an auditory task. In the verbal study, for an example, we conducted the sensory test twice, once before and once after the task. As a measure of the perceived odor quality in participants after inhalation of a given aroma, we employed a sensory evaluation spectrum. It is a bar graph in which the mean of the difference in score between pre-and post-task inquiry (post minus pre) was plotted against the impression descriptors. Taking into account of the obtained skin temperature changes between pre-and post-task inhalations, the subtle nuances between verbal and non-verbal expressions seen as a function of the two behavioral tasks assigned to the participant suggested that essential oils may have versatile psychophysiological potencies by the nature.

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Effect of ulnar nerve block on blood flow in the reflexly vasodilated digit

Cited by 50 publications

References 5 publications

The relationship between the vasomotor response in the hand and heat changes in the body induced by intravenous infusions of hot or cold saline

The relationship between the vasomotor response in the hand and heat changes in the body induced by intravenous infusions of hot or cold saline

Peripheral Vascular Effects of Bretylium Tosylate in Man

Versatile Psychophysiological Potencies of Essential Oils, when Seen as a Function of Behavioral Task Assigned to the Participants after Inhalation

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