Effect of udder type and calving assistance on weaning traits of beef and dairy×beef calves

Goonewardene, L. A.; Wang, Z.; Price, M. A.; Yang, Rong‐Cai; Berg, R. T.; Makarechian, M.

doi:10.1016/s0301-6226(02)00194-x

Cited by 56 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Beef Synthetic 1 was composed of Charolais and 20% Galloway, whereas Beef Synthetic 2 was composed of 60% Hereford with the remaining 40% being other beef breeds. The Dairy × Beef synthetic was composed of 60% dairy breeds (Holstein, Brown Swiss, or Simmental) and 40% beef breeds, mostly ANG and CHA [44]. Average age of dams (∼5 years old) was consistent among each group of steers; therefore, the dam age was not included in the analysis model to adjust for the dam age effect.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Sire Breed on the Interplay among Rumen Microbial Populations Inhabiting the Rumen Liquid of the Progeny in Beef Cattle

et al. 2013

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This study aimed to evaluate whether the host genetic background impact the ruminal microbial communities of the progeny of sires from three different breeds under different diets. Eighty five bacterial and twenty eight methanogen phylotypes from 49 individuals of diverging sire breed (Angus, ANG; Charolais, CHA; and Hybrid, HYB), fed high energy density (HE) and low energy density (LE) diets were determined and correlated with breed, rumen fermentation and phenotypic variables, using multivariate statistical approaches. When bacterial phylotypes were compared between diets, ANG offspring showed the lowest number of diet-associated phylotypes, whereas CHA and HYB progenies had seventeen and twenty-three diet-associated phylotypes, respectively. For the methanogen phylotypes, there were no sire breed-associated phylotypes; however, seven phylotypes were significantly different among breeds on either diet (P<0.05). Sire breed did not influence the metabolic variables measured when high energy diet was fed. A correlation matrix of all pairwise comparisons among frequencies of bacterial and methanogen phylotypes uncovered their relationships with sire breed. A cluster containing methanogen phylotypes M16 (Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii) and M20 (Methanobrevibacter smithii), and bacterial phylotype B62 (Robinsoniella sp.) in Angus offspring fed low energy diet reflected the metabolic interactions among microbial consortia. The clustering of the phylotype frequencies from the three breeds indicated that phylotypes detected in CHA and HYB progenies are more similar among them, compared to ANG animals. Our results revealed that the frequency of particular microbial phylotypes in the progeny of cattle may be influenced by the sire breed when different diets are fed and ultimately further impact host metabolic functions, such as feed efficiency.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Sire Breed on the Interplay among Rumen Microbial Populations Inhabiting the Rumen Liquid of the Progeny in Beef Cattle

et al. 2013

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“…Dams were produced from crosses among 3 composite cattle lines: Beef Synthetic 1, Beef Synthetic 2, and Dairy x Beef Synthetic. The breed composition of the Beef Synthetic groups was described by Goonewardene et al (2003). The steers were managed and tested under feedlot conditions using the GrowSafe automated feeding system (GrowSafe Systems Ltd., Airdrie, Alberta, Canada) as described by Nkrumah et al (2004).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candidate genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with variation in residual feed intake in beef cattle1

Karisa

Thomson

Wang

et al. 2013

Journal of Animal Science

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The candidate gene approach was used to identify genes associated with residual feed intake (RFI) in beef steers. The approach uses prior knowledge of gene functions to predict their biological role in the variation observed in a trait. It is suited to identify genes associated with complex traits where each gene has a relatively small effect. First, positional candidate genes were identified within the genomic positions of previously reported QTL associated with component traits related to RFI such as dry matter intake (DMI), growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), average daily gain (ADG), and energy balance. Secondly, the positional candidate genes were prioritized into functional candidate genes according to their biological functions and their relationship with the biological processes associated with RFI including carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism, thermoregulation, immunity and muscle activity. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within the functional candidate genes were identified using mRNA sequences and prioritized into functional classes such as non-synonymous (nsSNP), synonymous (sSNP) or intronic SNP. A total of 117 nsSNP were considered as functional SNP and genotyped in steers at the University of Alberta ranch in Kinsella. Multiple marker association analysis in ASReml was performed using RFI data obtained from 531 beef steers. Twenty-five SNP were significantly associated with RFI (P < 0.05) accounting for 19.7% of the phenotypic variation. Using SIFT program to predict the effect of the SNP on the function of the corresponding protein, 3 of the 25 SNP were predicted to cause a significant effect on protein function (P < 0.05). One of the 3 SNP was located in the GHR gene and was also associated with a significant effect on the tertiary structure of the GHR protein (P < 0.05) as modeled using SWISSModel software. Least square means for each genotype were estimated and an over-dominance effect was observed for the SNP located in the GHR, CAST, ACAD11 and UGT3A1 genes. In addition, 2 other SNP showed a dominance effect and 3 genes had an additive effect. Gene network analysis performed in Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) software (Ingenuity Systems, www.ingenuity.com) indicated that the significant genes were involved in biological pathways such as lipid, protein and energy metabolism, electron transport and membrane signaling. The genes in this study, if validated in other beef cattle populations, may be useful for marker assisted selection for feed efficiency.

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“…Additionally, dystocial calves may not thermoregulate properly (Bellows & Lammoglia, 2000) and achieve lower passive immunity. This may relate to higher morbidity (Steenholdt & Hernández, 2004;Lombard et al, 2007) and possibly altered growth (Goonewardene et al, 2003). Furthermore, it is likely that the experience of difficulty at birth may have long-term effects on heifer calves.…”

Section: Dystociamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of main reproductive and health problems on the performance of dairy cows: a review

Hossein-Zadeh

2013

Span. j. agric. res.

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Reproductive efficiency is a critical component of a successful dairy operation and acts as an important component of a profitable dairy farm, whereas reproductive inefficiency is one of the most costly problems facing the dairy industry today. Reproductive problems occur frequently in lactating dairy cows and can dramatically affect reproductive efficiency in a dairy herd. Some of the most common problems include twinning, dystocia, abortion, stillbirth, retained placenta and metritis. These are diverse disorders that are similar in that they all can result in impaired reproductive function. Deciding whether to breed, treat, or cull dairy cows exhibiting one or more of these reproductive problems is a challenge for both veterinarians and dairy producers. In addition, there is considerable controversy among dairy scientists and bovine practitioners regarding the economic impact of these problems in a dairy operation and the most effective management or therapeutic intervention for treating them. Because of this controversy, dairy managers should focus on prevention and control of risk factors associated with each problem rather than on prescriptive therapeutic interventions. Dairy producers should work closely with their herd veterinarian to develop such management strategies and discuss appropriate interventions when necessary (Fricke, 2001).Low fertility reduces the profit by decreasing the average milk production and the number of calves per cow per year. Poor reproductive performance is a major cause of involuntary culling and therefore reduces the AbstractThis review focuses on the potential effects of twinning, dystocia, stillbirth, abortion, retained placenta and metritis on the productive and reproductive performances in dairy cattle. These are diverse disorders that are similar in that they all can result in impaired performance of dairy cows. Reproductive problems occur frequently in lactating dairy cows and can dramatically affect reproductive efficiency in a dairy herd. Poor reproductive performance is a major cause of involuntary culling and therefore reduces the opportunity for voluntary culling and has a negative influence on the subsequent productivity of a dairy herd. Reproductive performance is influenced by the interactive effect of environment, management, health, and genetic factors. In addition, diseases mainly affect dairy cow productivity by decreasing reproductive efficiency, shortening the expected length of productive life and by lowering milk production. Deciding whether to breed, treat, or cull dairy cows showing one or more of these problems is a challenge for both veterinarians and dairy producers. In addition, there is considerable debate among dairy scientists and bovine practitioners regarding the economic impact of these problems in a dairy operation and the most effective management or therapeutic intervention for treating them. Because of this controversy, dairy managers should focus on prevention and control of risk factors associated with each problem rather than on prescr...

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Effect of udder type and calving assistance on weaning traits of beef and dairy×beef calves

Cited by 56 publications

References 27 publications

Influence of Sire Breed on the Interplay among Rumen Microbial Populations Inhabiting the Rumen Liquid of the Progeny in Beef Cattle

Influence of Sire Breed on the Interplay among Rumen Microbial Populations Inhabiting the Rumen Liquid of the Progeny in Beef Cattle

Candidate genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with variation in residual feed intake in beef cattle1

Effects of main reproductive and health problems on the performance of dairy cows: a review

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