“…In particular, the SST gradient affects the TC track and evolution, and the intensity of TC (Chang & Madala, 1980; Choi et al., 2013; Moon & Ha, 2019). In addition, many previous studies have examined large‐scale factors (e.g., upper tropospheric jet stream, strong vertical wind shear, SST gradient, and western North Pacific (WNP) high) affecting TC activity and track over mid‐latitudes in the WNP (Ho et al., 2009; Ho & Kim, 2011; Kim, Ho, & Sui, 2005; Kim, Sui, & Park, 2005; Moon & Ha, 2019). Particularly, with respect to the KP, several previous studies have investigated the volatility of long‐term trends, the relationship between TCs and the abovementioned factors affecting the TC activity and tracks, and its economic effects (Choi & Kim, 2019; Choi & Moon, 2012; Goh & Chan, 2012; Ho & Kim, 2011; Kim et al., 2019; Lee et al., 2019; Park et al., 2011, 2015).…”