Effect of Two Intake Levels on Retention Times of Liquid, Particle and Microbial Markers in the Rumen of Sheep

Mudgal, Vishal; Dixon, R. M.; Kennedy, P. M.; Milligan, L. P.

doi:10.2527/jas1982.5451051x

Cited by 38 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Engelhardt et al (1986) also observed prolonged retention time of the digesta in the forestomachs of dromedaries, with beneficial effects on cell wall digestion, but the effect of rumen retention on digestion capacity is difficult to assess because animals were fed ad libitum. DM intake and retention time are linked (Thornton & Minson 1972;Mudgal et al 1982). The difference of DM intake between species was noteworthy, even though it was not significant, the slightly lower level of intake of llamas may have favoured a longer retention time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Voluntary intake and gastric digestion of two hays by llamas and sheep: influence of concentrate supplementation

et al. 1996

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The efficiency with which llamas and sheep digest various roughages was compared in France in 1993. Six llamas (three of which were rumen-cannulated) and six rumen-cannulated sheep were simultaneously given three different diets: (i) a grass hay low in N content (HLN), (ii) the same hay with barley, representing 25 % of the total dry matter (HLN + B) and (iii) a cocksfoot grass hay, rich in nitrogen (HRN). Daily forage dry matter intake was slightly, but not significantly, lower in llamas (55-9 g/kg W 075 v. 60-3 g/kg W 075 in sheep). Intake behaviour was similar for the two species except that the number of rumination periods was lower with llamas (P < 005). With all diets, the digestibility of both organic matter and cell walls (estimated from neutral detergent fibre) was higher in llamas ( + 5-6 and +6-5 units respectively, P < 0001). The higher digestibility in llamas may be related to the slightly lower level of intake and to the lower dry matter turnover rate in the forestomachs compared to sheep (3-9%/h v. 5-3%/h, P < 001). However, in sacco degradation of both hays were higher in llamas' forestomachs after 24 h of incubation ( + 6-5%, P < 0-01) and 48 h ( + 4-3%, P < 005) than in sheep. The high microbial efficiency of the llamas can be ascribed to the physical and chemical characteristics of their forestomach contents, which had a higher liquid turnover rate (+ 1-4% /h, P < 005), a lower volatile fatty acid concentration (P < 001), a higher and more constant pH (P < 001) than in sheep and a greater buffering capacity when pH was close to neutral. These results suggest the greater ability of llamas to control the physicochemical conditions of their forestomach contents to digest cell walls efficiently and to minimize the negative effects of concentrate supplementation.i M T R n n i i r T i n M work has been done on the mechanisms responsible IN 1 KUUUL11UN f o r t h e g r e a t e r digestive ability of camelids and even Various comparative trials have been performed with less is known about these mechanisms in llamas. Few camelids and ruminants to elucidate the different experiments have compared forage intake between nutritional strategies of herbivores. Camelids (camels the two species and results vary from one experiment and llamas) seem to be adapted to low quality diets to another (Warmington et al. 1989; Cordesse et al. (Van Soest 1982). In the south of France, a research 1992; Dulphy et al. 1994a, b). The fresh weight of the programme was developed to compare the grazing digestive content of the first two compartments is behaviour and animal production performances of lower in llamas (Vallenas& Stevens 1971; Dardillater sheep, goats and llamas in Garrigue, a scrubland area al. 1994). In terms of dry matter (DM), however, and (Dumont et al. 1995).in relation to DM intake, it is higher in llamas Trials comparing digestion in llamas and sheep (Dardillat e? a/. 1994). The turnover rates of the solid showed that organic matter digestibility and fibre phase in forestomachs have not been compared in the...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Voluntary intake and gastric digestion of two hays by llamas and sheep: influence of concentrate supplementation

et al. 1996

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“…With respect to a similar phenomenon in elephants, McKay (McKay 1973) reported to have “frequently observed elephants […] to look quite slender as they begin feeding; but after as few as five to six hours of intensive feeding, these same individuals have extremely bulging bellies. It would appear reasonable that if the rate at which an elephant can ingest food greatly exceeds the rate at which the intestines and caecum can process it, there would be a distinct advantage to the possession of a very elastic stomach.” In ruminants, an increase in forestomach volume with increasing food intake has been demonstrated in numerous studies (Grovum and Williams 1977, Mudgal et al 1982, Shaver et al 1986, Lindberg 1988, Lechner‐Doll et al 1990, Barboza et al 2004), presumably by simple distension of the organ. A macroanatomical solution to the question of spare capacity in many herbivores might be found in the work of Langer (Langer 1988, Langer and Takács 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The relationship of food intake and ingesta passage predicts feeding ecology in two different megaherbivore groups

Clauß¹,

Streich²,

Schwarm³

et al. 2007

Oikos

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Digestion, especially of plant material, is a time-dependent process. In herbivores, an increase in food intake is usually correlated to an acceleration of ingesta passage through the gut, and could hence depress digestive efficiency. Therefore, the nature of the relationship between food intake and ingesta passage (i.e. whether the increase in ingesta passage due to the increase in food intake is mild or drastic) should determine the flexibility of the feeding strategy of herbivore and omnivore species. Using two megaherbivore groups, the elephants and the hippopotamuses, as examples from opposing ends of the range of potential adaptations to this problem, we demonstrate that the species-specific relationship of food intake and ingesta passage can precisely predict feeding ecology and activity budgets. In hippos, the distinct acceleration in ingesta passage due to increased intake limits the additional energy gained from eating more forage, and explains the comparatively low food intake and short feeding times generally observed in these animals. In elephants, increased food intake only leads to a very moderate increase of ingesta passage, thus theoretically allowing to optimize energy gain by eating more, which is in accord with the high food intake and long feeding times observed in these animals. We suggest that the characterization of the intake-passage relationship in herbi-and omnivorous species is of much higher ecological relevance than the determination of a supposedly species-specific ''passage time/mean retention time''.

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“…However, doubling the intake leads to only a 20-40% decrease of particle MRT in the forestomach; and some investigators have not found any significant effect of the intake level on MRT (Ulyatt et al 1984;Van Vuuren 1984). Increasing forestomach volumes were observed with increasing intake (Grovum and Williams 1977;Mudgal et al 1982;Ulyatt et al 1984;Aitchison et al 1986;Shaver et al 1986;Lindberg 1988). Increasing forestomach volumes were observed with increasing intake (Grovum and Williams 1977;Mudgal et al 1982;Ulyatt et al 1984;Aitchison et al 1986;Shaver et al 1986;Lindberg 1988).…”

Section: β Influence Of Feed Intakementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Most investigators have found that MRT of particles and of fluid decreases when level of feed intake increases (Thornton and Minson 1972;Grovum and Williams 1977;Mudgal et al 1982;White et al 1984;Ledoux et al 1985;Aitchison et al 1986;Faichney and Gherardi 1986;Merchen et al 1986;Shaver et al 1986;Waghorn et al 1986;Funk et al 1987;Deswysen and Ellis 1988;Lindberg 1988;Uden, 1988). However, doubling the intake leads to only a 20-40% decrease of particle MRT in the forestomach; and some investigators have not found any significant effect of the intake level on MRT (Ulyatt et al 1984;Van Vuuren 1984).…”

Section: β Influence Of Feed Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting the Mean Retention Time of Particles in the Forestomach of Ruminants and Camelids

Lechner‐Doll

Kaske

Engelhardt

1991

Physiological Aspects of Digestion and Metabolism in Ruminants

126

131

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Effect of Two Intake Levels on Retention Times of Liquid, Particle and Microbial Markers in the Rumen of Sheep

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

Voluntary intake and gastric digestion of two hays by llamas and sheep: influence of concentrate supplementation

Voluntary intake and gastric digestion of two hays by llamas and sheep: influence of concentrate supplementation

The relationship of food intake and ingesta passage predicts feeding ecology in two different megaherbivore groups

Factors Affecting the Mean Retention Time of Particles in the Forestomach of Ruminants and Camelids

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