Effect of turning angle on falls caused by induced slips during turning

Yamaguchi, Takeshi; Yano, Masaru; Oda, Hiroshi; Hokkirigawa, Kazuo

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.08.006

Cited by 30 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The increased θ ML also contributed to the increased RCOF values observed during taller obstacle trials (Yamaguchi et al, 2012b). Combined, these results suggest that the radius of the turn, not the angle of the turn as presented by Yamaguchi et al (2012a), is the critical factor in slip and fall risk during turning. However, if all are performed over the same distance, larger turning angles will necessarily result in a smaller turning radius.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Most prior studies investigating turning used walking paths or destination cues with no obstacle (Akram et al, 2010; Chang and Kram, 2007; Courtine and Schieppati, 2003; Hicheur and Berthoz, 2005; Hicheur et al, 2007; Hicheur et al, 2005; Jindrich et al, 2006; Olivier et al, 2008; Orendurff et al, 2006; Patla et al, 1991 and 1999; Pham et al, 2007; Taylor et al, 2005; Yamaguchi et al, 2012a, b), while other obstacle circumvention studies used 2 m high pylons (Gérin-Lajoie et al, 2006, 2007, and 2008; Vallis and McFadyen, 2003, 2005), 1.53 m tall poles (Glaister et al, 2007b and 2008) or pedestrian barricades (Dias et al, 2013). The present results indicate the height of the corner could be an important factor in the study design.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the COM remains outside the BOS for the entire first half of stance phase, slips during this weight acceptance phase are more likely to result in falls (Yamaguchi et al, 2012a). Furthermore, the RCOF values found during this weight acceptance phase of turning exceeded the RCOF values for normal walking of μ ≅ 0.20 (Cham and Redfern, 2002; Redfern et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Turning requires a much larger required coefficient of friction (RCOF) to prevent slips (Fino and Lockhart, 2014) and has a higher incidence of falls resulting from slips (Yamaguchi et al, 2012a) than straight walking due to the lateral displacement of the COM relative to the base of support (BOS). Larger turning radii affect the orientation of the head and trunk (Sreenivasa et al, 2008), increase the COM displacement outside the BOS (Hollands et al, 2001), and decrease the walking velocity (Dias et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corner height influences center of mass kinematics and path trajectory during turning

Fino

Lockhart

Fino

2015

Journal of Biomechanics

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Despite the prevalence of directional changes during every-day gait, relatively little is known about turning compared to straight gait. While the center of mass (COM) movement during straight gait is well characterized, the COM trajectory, and the factors that influence it, are less established for turning. This study investigated the influence of a corner’s height on the COM trajectory as participants walked around the corner. Ten participants (25.3 ± 3.74 years) performed both 90° step and spin turns to the left at self-selected slow, normal, and fast speeds while walking inside a marked path. A pylon was placed on the inside corner of the path. Four different pylon heights were used to correspond to heights of everyday objects: 0 cm (no object), 63 cm (box, crate), 104 cm (desk, table, counter), 167 cm (shelf, cabinet). Obstacle height was found to significantly affect the COM trajectory. Taller obstacles resulted in more distance between the corner and the COM, and between the corner and the COP. Taller obstacles also were associated with greater curvature in the COM trajectory, indicating a smaller turning radius despite the constant 90° corner. Taller obstacles correlated to an increased required coefficient of friction (RCOF) due to the smaller turning radii. Taller obstacles also tended towards greater mediolateral (ML) COM-COP angles, contrary to the initial hypothesis. Additionally, the COM was found to remain outside the base of support (BOS) for the entire first half of stance phase for all conditions indicating a high risk of falls resulting from slips.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corner height influences center of mass kinematics and path trajectory during turning

Fino

Lockhart

Fino

2015

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…In view of the risks of falling, the stability of turning warrants analysis and investigation. It has been reported that a larger turning angle is related to a higher risk of falling [7], and that the stability of turning decreases as the turning angle increases. However, little is known about how the curvature and step length of turning affect stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the COM-FCP inclination angle and other mediolateral stability indicators for turning

Wang

Yang

et al. 2017

BioMed Eng OnLine

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BackgroundStudies have shown that turning is associated with more instability than straight walking and instability increases with turning angles. However, the precise relationship of changes in stability with the curvature and step length of turning is not clear. The traditional center of mass (COM)-center of pressure (COP) inclination angle requires the use of force plates. A COM-foot contact point (FCP) inclination angle derived from kinematic data is proposed in this study as a measure of the stability of turning.MethodsIn order to generate different degrees of stability, we designed an experiment of walking with different curvatures and step lengths. Simultaneously, a novel method was proposed to calculate the COM-FCP inclination angles of different walking trajectories with different step lengths for 10 healthy subjects. The COM-FCP inclination angle, the COM acceleration, the step width and the COM-ankle inclination angles were statistically analyzed.ResultsThe statistical results showed that the mediolateral (ML) COM-FCP inclination angles increased significantly as the curvature of the walking trajectories or the step length in circular walking increased. Changes in the ML COM acceleration, the step width and the ML COM-ankle inclination angle verified the feasibility and reliability of the proposed method. Additionally, the ML COM-FCP inclination angle was more sensitive to the ML stability than the ML COM-ankle inclination angle.ConclusionsThe work suggests that it is more difficult to keep balance when walking in a circular trajectory with a larger curvature or in a larger step length. Essentially, turning with a larger angle in one step leads to a lower ML stability. A novel COM-FCP inclination angle was validated to indicate ML stability. This method can be applied to complicated walking tasks, where the force plate is not applicable, and it accounts for the variability of the base of support (BOS) compared to the COM-ankle inclination angle.

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Effects of Foot–Floor Friction on Trip-Induced Falls During Shuffling Gait: A Simulation Study

Yamaguchi

Nakatani

Hirose

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2021)

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Effect of turning angle on falls caused by induced slips during turning

Cited by 30 publications

References 19 publications

Corner height influences center of mass kinematics and path trajectory during turning

Corner height influences center of mass kinematics and path trajectory during turning

Comparison of the COM-FCP inclination angle and other mediolateral stability indicators for turning

Effects of Foot–Floor Friction on Trip-Induced Falls During Shuffling Gait: A Simulation Study

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