Effect of tropical outdoor weathering on the surface roughness and mechanical properties of maxillofacial silicones

Rahman, Atiqur; Jamayet, Nafij Bin; Nizami, Minhaz Ul Islam; Johari, Yanti; Husein, Adam; Alam, Mohammad Khursheed

doi:10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.07.026

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A-103 maxillofacial prosthetic silicone elastomer [ 30 , 31 ] (A-103; Factor II, Lakeside, USA) [ 32 ] was used as material core and 2 functional intrinsic skin pigments Blush and Honey (FI-SK13, FI-SK09; Factor II, Lakeside, AZ, USA) were incorporated individually to color the unpolymerized silicone. A digital weight machine (Analytical Digital Balance BSA423S; Sartorius, Goettingen, Germany) was used to measure the pigments (2% by weight) [ 29 ] and A-103 silicone elastomer with a ratio of 10:1 (according to the manufacturer instruction).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color variations during digital imaging of facial prostheses subjected to unfiltered ambient light and image calibration techniques within dental clinics: An in vitro analysis

et al. 2022

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Background The study aimed to evaluate 1) the amount of color variations presents within clinical images of maxillofacial prosthetic silicone specimens when photographed under different clinically relevant ambient lighting conditions, and 2) whether white balance calibration (WBC) methods were able to mitigate variations in ambient lighting. Methods 432 measurements were acquired from standardized images of the pigmented prosthetic silicone specimens within different ambient lighting conditions (i.e., 2 windowed and 2 windowless clinics) at noon with no light modifying apparatus. The specimens were photographed once without any white balance calibration (raw), then independently alongside an 18% neutral gray card and Macbeth color chart for calibration in a post-processing (PPWBC) software, and once after camera calibration (CWBC) using a gray card. The LAB color values were extracted from the images and color variations (ΔE) were calculated after referring to the corresponding spectrophotometric values as control. Results Images in windowless and windowed clinics exhibited highly significant differences (p < 0.001) with spectrophotometer (control). CWBC demonstrated no significant differences (p > 0.05) in LAB values across windowed clinics. PPWBC using Macbeth color chart produced no significant differences for a* values (p > 0.05) across all clinics while PPWBC by gray card showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in LAB values when only similar clinics (either windowed or windowless) were compared. Conclusion Significant color variations were present for maxillofacial prosthetic specimens owing to natural ambient light. CWBC and PPWBC using color charts were more suitable for color correction across windowed clinics while CWBC and PPWBC using gray cards had better outcomes across windowless setups.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color variations during digital imaging of facial prostheses subjected to unfiltered ambient light and image calibration techniques within dental clinics: An in vitro analysis

et al. 2022

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“…In contrast, chain fragmentation results in bond disruptions, either internally or interchain, weakening the overall polymer structure and causing reductions in both tensile strength and the ability to elongate. The aging observed in silicone rubbers is mainly due to the chemical deterioration of connectors binding polysiloxane chains and the methyl groups affixed to silicone elements [66,67].…”

Section: Aging Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Maxillofacial Silicone Type A-2186 Impregnated with a Hybrid Chitosan–TiO2 Nanocomposite Subjected to Different Accelerated Aging Conditions

Al-Kadi,

Adbulkareem,

Azhdar

2023

Biomimetics

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The effects of incorporating a pioneer chitosan–TiO2 nanocomposite on the mechanical and physical properties of room-temperature vulcanization (RTV) maxillofacial A-2186 silicone under accelerated aging protocols were rigorously examined. This investigation utilized 450 samples distributed across five distinct silicone classifications and assessed their attributes, such as tensile strength, elongation, tear strength, hardness, and surface roughness, before and after various accelerated aging processes. Statistical methodologies, including a one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD, and Dunnett’s T3, were employed based on the homogeneity of variance, and several key results were obtained. Silicones infused with 1 wt.% chitosan–TiO2 showed enhanced tensile strength across various aging procedures. Moreover, the 1 wt.% TiO2/Chitosan noncombination (TC) and 2 wt.% TiO2 compositions exhibited pronounced improvements in the elongation percentage. A consistent rise was evident across all silicone categories regarding tear strength, with the 1 wt.% chitosan–TiO2 variant being prominent under certain conditions. Variations in hardness were observed, with the 1 wt.% TC and 3 wt.% chitosan samples showing distinctive responses to certain conditions. Although most samples displayed a decreased surface roughness upon aging, the 1 wt.% chitosan–TiO2 variant frequently countered this trend. This investigation provides insights into the potential of the chitosan–TiO2 nanocomposite to influence silicone properties under aging conditions.

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“…Additionally, a different study documented an increase in surface roughness of maxillofacial silicone after immersion in various storage conditions for six months at 37 °C [24]. Two separate studies demonstrated an increase in surface roughness for M511 maxillofacial silicone after six months of exposure to natural outdoor weathering [16,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Surface roughness of pigmented and non-pigmented maxillofacial silicone elastomer before and after artificial aging

Abdalqadir,

Saeed,

Azhdar

2024

Mater. Res. Express

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Maxillofacial prostheses are frequently composed of silicone elastomers. The rough surface of the silicone material can lead to the accumulation of microorganisms, irritation of the surrounding soft tissue, and progression of some microsites into mechanical failure and color deterioration. This in vitro study aimed to compare the surface roughness of M511 heat-vulcanized maxillofacial silicone before and after artificial aging. Eighty disk-shaped specimens were prepared and divided equally among the five experimental groups based on pigmentation, with 16 samples in each group. Colorless specimens were prepared without adding any pigments. The four study groups were prepared using different pigments (red, blue, yellow, and their mixture). Half of the specimens in each group were tested before aging, whereas the other half were tested after 750 h of artificial aging. The surface roughness was measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the silicone bonds and pigments were observed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR). Data were compared between groups using two-way analysis of variance, independent sample t-test, and Tukey’s post hoc test, with p < 0.05 statistically significant. FTIR-ATR showed no differences between the pre- and post-aging groups, with similar peaks. Surface roughness significantly increased in the colorless, blue, and mixed pigment groups (p < 0.001). In contrast, surface roughness significantly decreased in the yellow and red pigment groups (p ≤ 0.001). Therefore, the induced aging considerably impacted the surface topography of the maxillofacial silicone. The pigment type and distribution in the silicone matrix affect the surface roughness. AFM analysis is a simple and straightforward method for assessing the surface roughness at the nanometer level.

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Effect of tropical outdoor weathering on the surface roughness and mechanical properties of maxillofacial silicones

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Color variations during digital imaging of facial prostheses subjected to unfiltered ambient light and image calibration techniques within dental clinics: An in vitro analysis

Color variations during digital imaging of facial prostheses subjected to unfiltered ambient light and image calibration techniques within dental clinics: An in vitro analysis

Evaluation of the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Maxillofacial Silicone Type A-2186 Impregnated with a Hybrid Chitosan–TiO2 Nanocomposite Subjected to Different Accelerated Aging Conditions

Surface roughness of pigmented and non-pigmented maxillofacial silicone elastomer before and after artificial aging

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