Effect of Triton X-100 surfactant on thiol-amine cosolvents assisted facile synthesized CdS thin films on glass substrate by spin coating method

Abstract

In this article, the effect of Triton X-100 surfactant on the spin coated and vacuum annealed CdS thin films on glass substrates using thiol-amine cosolvents have been explored in details. The SEM study reveals that the surfactant assisted CdS films are uniform, homogeneous and smooth having less cracks, voids, pinholes compared to CdS films synthesized without surfactant. The X-ray diffraction spectra indicate the hexagonal structure of the surfactant-added films with (002) and (100) planes having relatively high intensity whereas a weak hexagonal (002) peak appears for the films deposited without surfactant. Two prominent Raman peaks of CdS thin films are observed at the wavenumber 207 and 212 cm −1 due to the multi-phonon vibration of hexagonal CdS. A relatively strong and broad FTIR peaks at 1647 and 670 cm −1 were observed due to the Cd-S bending and stretching vibration in the surfactant mediated films. Surfactant induced CdS films are nearly stoichiometric as manifested by the energy dispersive X-ray report. Finally, higher optical transmission and band gap have been achieved for the CdS thin films deposited with Triton X-100 surfactant. This study reveals that surfactant mediated CdS thin films with thiol-amine cosolvents can be exploited effectively in higher efficiency thin film solar cell technologies with low cost.* Jaker Hossain, jak_apee@ru.ac.bd; * Abu Bakar Md. Ismail, ismail@ru.ac.bd |

Design guidelines for a highly efficient high-purity germanium (HPGe)-based double-heterojunction solar cell

“…Besides, Yoneyama et al (2013) have employed the radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering method to grow polycrystalline BaSi2 films on glass substrate in a low-cost lagre-scale high-speed process. Regarding the synthesis of highly transparent CdS thin film as the window layer for solar cell applications, we have recently reported the low-cost sol-gel spin coatong method incorporating Triton-X 100 (TX-100) surfactant (Rahman et al, 2020a(Rahman et al, , 2020b. Among the other deposition techniques, chemical bath deposition (CBD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), electrodeposition, MBE, spray pyrolysis, pulsed DC magnetron sputtering, electron beam evaporation etc.…”

Structural, surface morphological and optical properties and their correlation with the thickness of spin coated superior quality CdS thin film synthesized using a novel chemical route

“…where, β is the full width at half maximum (FWHM in radians) of the peak. The value of ε was found to decrease from ~ 5.36 × 10 -4 to ~ 4.21 × 10 -4 with film thickness indicative of reduced degree of irregularity and improved crystallinity level [42]. From these structural investigations it is possible to conclude that the CdS films having good crystallinity and structural parameters can be synthesized using a simple spin-coating technique and the…”

Surface modification and characterization of waste derived carbon particles to reinforce photo-cured shape memory composites

“…Characteristic peak at 1600 cm −1 in all samples suggest presence of carbonyl group. 27 A further confirmation of these functionalities has been done through Bohem titration ( Table 3 ). In thiolated particles ( Fig.…”

“…Characteristic peak at 1600 cm À1 in all samples suggest presence of carbonyl group. 27 A further conrmation of these functionalities has…”

“…2b) prominent peaks in FCB-T1, T2, T3 and T6 at 560 cm À1 (S-S), 640 cm À1 (C-S), 1030 cm À1 (S]O), 1250 cm À1 (C]S) and 1340 cm À1 (sulfate/sulfones) conrmed effectiveness of thiolation treatment. 27,28 Sulfur functionalities particularly disulde and sulfones have been reported for shape memory response. 29 A distinctive peak has been observed at 914 cm À1 in two samples i.e.…”