Effect of Triton X-100 on the Rate of Trichloroethene Desorption from Soil to Water

Influence of a Nonionic Surfactant (Triton X-100) on Contaminant Distribution between Water and Several Soil Solids

“…Although surfactants effectively remove excess nonaqueousphase organic liquids (NAPLs) or solids from water (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9) or from soil-water mixtures (10)(11)(12), applications of surfactants to systems where contaminants are subsaturated may yield disparate results, depending on the system condition (13)(14)(15)(16). In the former case, i.e., when a large excess mass of contaminant(s) (e.g., NAPL) exists with a soil or a natural solid, the relatively small amount of the surfactant sorbed is unable to produce a significant change in the overall contaminant uptake, while the surfactant in water may readily enhance the solubilization of the excess contaminant.…”

“…Here the adsorption of a low-polarity solute on soil mineral matter is relatively insignificant because of the strong adsorptive competition of water (17). By contrast, unlike ordinary low-polarity solutes, many surfactants (e.g., nonionic and cationic ones) may adsorb efficiently onto certain soil minerals (13)(14)(15), due supposedly to their high polarities and large molecular weights. Surfactants may also partition into SOM, the extent being related to the properties of surfactant and SOM.…”

“…Although this condition can be met by applying very large quantities of surfactant to the system (i.e., X CMC) (13,14), it is desirable to explore conditions for effective soil/solid remediation by use of reduced surfactant loads. In studies of contaminant desorption from soil, it has been shown that low to moderate levels of some surfactants can significantly increase the rate of desorption by increasing the mass-transfer coefficients of contaminants (14,15,(20)(21)(22). In such studies, it is equally important to elucidate the effect of the added surfactant on the contaminant distribution coefficient between soil and water as it would also affect the rate of desorption by changing the contaminant concentration gradient.…”

Highly Selective and Simple Zero and First Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of Palladium by Using α-Benzilmonoxime in Triton X-100 Micellar Solution

“…Some references discuss these properties. [23][24][25][26] Solvent extraction techniques are time consuming, tedious and usually involve harmful chemicals. However, micellar systems have been conveniently used in UV-Vis spectrophotometry, [27][28][29][30] because they show stability, optical transparency, enhanced sensitivity in aqueous solutions and are readily available.…”

Surfactant enhanced biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in oily sludge.

“…In the presence of surface, pollutants could interact with single surfactant molecule or micelles which could help pollutants desorb from the soil surface into aqueous phase. The surfactant molecules could decrease interfacial tension of pore water in soil particles to mobilize pollutants trapped in soil ganglia (Deitsch and Smith, 1995;Yeom et al, 1996;Volkering, 1998;Kim et al, 2001). Desorbed single pollutant molecule may contact directly with microbial degraders and then be mineralized in aqueous phase.…”