Effect of Tree Layer and Microsite on the Variability of Natural Regeneration in Autochthonous Beech Forests

Vacek, Zdeněk; Vacek, Stanislav; Podrázský, Vílém; Bílek, Lukáš; Štefančík, Igor; Moser, W. Keith; Bulušek, Daniel; Král, Jan; Remeš, J.; Králíček, Ivo

doi:10.3161/15052249pje2015.63.2.007

Cited by 24 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Similarly like in other studies of beech natural regeneration (Nagel et al 2006;Vacek et al 2014bVacek et al , 2015cAmbrož et al 2015) the horizontal structure of regeneration was found to be distinctly aggregated. The amount of natural regeneration is differentiated according to the herb layer cover (Bílek et al 2014) and topography (Vacek et al 2015c).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…The amount of natural regeneration is differentiated according to the herb layer cover (Bílek et al 2014) and topography (Vacek et al 2015c).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A correct understanding of the spatial pattern of both the upper storey (von Oheimb et al 2005;Pretzsch 2006;Vacek et al 2014a) and natural regeneration (Nagel et al 2006;Vacek et al 2014bVacek et al , 2015c and dead wood (Amanzadeh et al 2013;Vacek et al 2015a) is crucial for management aimed at the imitation of natural forest dynamics. The spatial pattern of forest is closely related to the level of competition between tree individuals, and at the same time it substantially affects their establishment, growth and mortality (Newton, Jolliffe 1998;Petritan et al 2007;Seidling et al 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial pattern of relict beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests in the Sudetes of the Czech Republic and Poland

Bulušek¹,

Vacek²,

Vacek³

et al. 2016

J. For. Sci.

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Horizontal structure of forest stands largely affects the competitive relationships between tree individuals and plays a significant role in the stand dynamics. The present study describes horizontal structure on nine permanent research plots (0.24-0.25 ha) in the regeneration and tree layer of autochthonous European beech (Fagus sylvatica Linnaeus) stands in the wide altitudinal gradient in protected areas in the Czech Republic and Poland. The spatial structure was classified in productive herb-rich beech sites, through acidophilic beech sites, exposed sites, to beech fragments near the timberline. The spatial pattern of tree layer was regular in the lowest parts of the altitudinal gradient of beech, random in the middle parts and aggregated in the beech forests under the hilltop phenomenon and extreme edaphic site. Nevertheless, trees in lower tree layers showed a tendency to the aggregated pattern, similarly like the strong aggregation of natural regeneration. In most cases, the parent stand had a significant negative effect on natural regeneration at a smaller distance (to 0.8-4.2 m). The spatial pattern of dead wood was mostly random. Because of the great plasticity of beech crowns, crown centroids were more regularly distributed than tree stems. The average displacement of crown centroids from the stem base was 1.5 m with the prevailing direction of 52.7% down the slope. Projected canopy cover was on average 10.7% higher compared to the canopy simulated by circular crowns.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…The amount of natural regeneration is differentiated according to the herb layer cover (Bílek et al 2014) and topography (Vacek et al 2015c).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial pattern of relict beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests in the Sudetes of the Czech Republic and Poland

Bulušek¹,

Vacek²,

Vacek³

et al. 2016

J. For. Sci.

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show abstract

“…-75,395 recruits ha -1 (Vacek et al 2015a) or in old-growth forest in Slovenia -62,000 recruits ha -1 (Dusan et al 2007). The number of recruits differs on the particular plots in relation to vegetation cover of the herb layer, topography (Štícha et al 2010;Vacek et al 2015b) and canopy cover of mature forest (Madsen & Hahn 2008;Sefidi et al 2011). Light availability strongly affects the survival, growth rate and form of recruits (Grassi et al 2004;Mountford et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term transformation of submontane spruce-beech forests in the Jizerské hory Mts.: dynamics of natural regeneration

Slanař¹,

Vacek²,

Vacek³

et al. 2017

Central European Forestry Journal

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The paper deals with development of the natural regeneration of even-aged spruce-beech forests during their transformation to uneven-aged stands with diversified structure at the Jedlový důl area in the Protected Landscape Area Jizerské hory Mts., Czech Republic. Shelterwood management system and free felling policy based on selection principles has been applied there since 1979 with the support of admixed tree species of the natural species composition, especially silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). The research was focuses on structure and development of natural regeneration with the emphasis on ungulate damage and interaction with tree layer from 1979 to 2015. In the course of 36 years, the regeneration structure was diversified towards the close-to-nature tree species composition, spatial and age structure. The number of regeneration recruits increased in average from 941 to 41,669 ind ha -1. During this period share of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) significantly (p < 0.01) increased (by 53.6%), while the share of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) decreased (by 51.5%), such as damage caused by ungulate (by 61.4%) with the highest loses on sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.), rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) and silver fir. Moreover, the parent trees had a significant negative influence on natural regeneration at smaller spacing (within a 1 -5 m radius from the stem). Both, regeneration potential and effective role of the tree layer during the forest transformation has been confirmed as important prerequisites for ongoing forest transformation.

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“…Aggregated structure for recruits can be further supported by limited (heavy) seed dispersal of some tree species (Getzin et al 2008;Packham et al 2012). Parent stand had significant effect on the spatial pattern of natural regeneration (Vacek et al 2015b;Králíček et al 2017). Negative interaction at smaller distances was observed in high forest and coppice with standards, but no relationship with tendency to aggregation was in low forest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of applied silvicultural systems on spatial pattern of hornbeam-oak forests

Vacek

Bílek

et al. 2018

Central European Forestry Journal

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The spatial pattern of forest closely affects tree competition that drives the most of processes in forest ecosystems. Therefore, we focused on evaluation of the horizontal structure of high forest, coppice with standards and low forest in hornbeam-oak forests in the Protected Landscape Area Český kras (Czech Republic). The horizontal structure of tree layer individuals with crown projection centroids and natural regeneration was analysed for durmast oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.), European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) and small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) stands. Horizontal structure of the tree stems of the studied tree species in high forest was random, in oak it was moderately regular. In coppice with standards it was random in oak, in hornbeam and linden it was aggregated within 3 -5 m and random up to a larger spacing. In low forest at a distance of 4 -6 m the horizontal structure of the three studied tree species was aggregated while it was random at a larger spacing. The horizontal structure of natural regeneration was aggregated in all forest types. In coppice with standards and high forest, parent stand had significant negative effect on the natural regeneration at smaller distance (to 1.4 m from the stem). Crown centroids were more regularly distributed than tree stems, especially in low forest (2.0 m) and in linden (2.3 m). Our results contribute to existing knowledge about silvicultural systems and their impact on hornbeam-oak forests with implications for forest management and nature protection.

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Effect of Tree Layer and Microsite on the Variability of Natural Regeneration in Autochthonous Beech Forests

Cited by 24 publications

References 44 publications

Spatial pattern of relict beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests in the Sudetes of the Czech Republic and Poland

Spatial pattern of relict beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests in the Sudetes of the Czech Republic and Poland

Long-term transformation of submontane spruce-beech forests in the Jizerské hory Mts.: dynamics of natural regeneration

Impact of applied silvicultural systems on spatial pattern of hornbeam-oak forests

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