Effect of treatment with sunitinib malate, a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on circulating plasma levels of VEGF, soluble VEGF receptors 2 and 3, and soluble KIT in patients with metastatic breast cancer

Abstract

578 Background: Sunitinib malate (SU11248) is a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antitumor and antiangiogenic activity that specifically inhibits VEGFR, PDGFR, KIT, RET and FLT3. In a phase II trial of 64 patients with refractory, metastatic breast cancer, sunitinib treatment resulted in an ∼11% objective response rate (Miller et al, ASCO 2005). To characterize potential biomarkers of biological response to sunitinib, we analyzed plasma levels of a panel of soluble proteins from patients in this trial. Methods: Patients received sunitinib in 6-week cycles comprised of 50 mg/day for 4 weeks followed by 2 weeks off treatment. Pre-dose plasma samples from 62 patients were obtained on days 1, 14, and 28 of the first cycle and days 1 and 28 of subsequent cycles. Plasma levels of VEGF, soluble VEGF receptor 2 (sVEGFR-2), soluble KIT (sKIT), and a novel biomarker, sVEGFR-3, were measured via ELISA analysis. Results: Plasma levels of each protein were modulated in most patients during the course of treatment. At the end of the first cycle, VEGF levels were increased more than 3-fold relative to baseline in 73% of cases, while sVEGFR-2 levels decreased by at least 30% in 88% of cases, and by >20% in all but 4 cases. In addition, levels of sVEGFR-3 were decreased by >30% in 82% of cases during the first cycle. For each of these markers, levels tended to return to near-baseline after 2 weeks off treatment. Longitudinal decreases in sKIT were also observed; decreases >50% by the end of cycle 2 were correlated with treatment outcomes for time-to-progression (P < 0.001) and survival (P = 0.03). Further analysis of correlations with pharmacokinetic and clinical parameters is ongoing. Conclusions: Sunitinib therapy is associated with increases in plasma VEGF and decreases in soluble VEGFRs and KIT. This panel of circulating proteins may have utility as pharmacodynamic biomarkers of sunitinib activity in patients with metastatic breast cancer. sVEGFR-3 may be a novel biomarker of the biological activity of sunitinib, while sKIT may be correlated with clinical response. Analysis of these and other biomarkers in larger studies of sunitinib in breast cancer may be warranted. [Table: see text]

Bridging Sunitinib Exposure to Time‐to‐Tumor Progression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients With Mathematical Modeling of an Angiogenic Biomarker

“…For example, plasma sVEGFR 2 has previously been identified as a biomarker of angiogenesis in GIST, in which its plasma concentrations were consistently modulated by sunitinib treatment; however, there was no clear correlation with clinical response. Similarly, patients with metastatic breast cancer, as well as patients with neuroendocrine tumors treated with sunitinib, also showed a decrease in plasma sVEGFR 2 concentrations . In line with these findings, our analysis employed plasma sVEGFR 2 concentrations as a bridge between the plasma concentrations of sunitinib and its active metabolite and their cytostatic effects on HCC tumors in this patients population.…”