Effect of Treatment With Chronic Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonist on Human Testis

Scrotal Ultrasound in Male Infertility

“…The changes observed in the interstitial and tubular compartments in treated patients might, there fore, result from the withdrawal of hormone stimulation due to a combination of reduced LH synthesis (GnRH-A), reduced delivery of hormones to testicular paren chyma from blood vessels (age), and block of nuclear receptors for testosterone (Cy-A). Changes in Leydig cells, already reported after GnRH-A treatment [4][5][6][7][8][9][10], were more severe in treated versus control men. It is worth mentioning that, in treated patients, the disapSpermatogenesis was arrested at spermatogonial (5 cases) or primary spermatocyte levels (6 cases, fig.…”

“…3) is a con fluence of small cysts of the efferent ducts of the testis and is filled with seminal plasma. When the masses are large and present in a position cephalad to the testis, they There are some reports in the literature about sonograp hic abnormalities in scrotal disease [2][3][4], We are not aware of any previous reports of scrotal sonography in patients with male infertility.…”

“…The normal epididymis is of the same or slightly higher echogenicity when compared with the testes. However, the mediastinum testis is an echogenic line extending caudally from the upper pole of the testis [4], Distinction of testicular versus extratesti cular lesion is important particularly when the lesion is small or physical examination is limited by pain or swell ing. The ultrasound examination could accurately distin guish testicular from extratesticular pathology with 99% accuracy [5].…”

“…By lowering the serum levels of gonadotropins through a desensitization of gonadotroph cells to physio logic GnRH stimulation [1][2][3], chronic treatment with GnRH analogs (GnRH-A) seems responsible for a dis ruption in spermatogenesis in elderly men [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Cy proterone acetate (Cy-A) has a powerful antiandrogen effect antagonizing the nuclear testosterone receptor [11,12].…”

Relationships between FSH, inhibin B, anti-Mullerian hormone, and testosterone during long-term treatment with the GnRH-agonist histrelin in patients with prostate cancer

“…This is supported by the observation that in contrast to full LH and testosterone suppression, inhibin B levels were only partially suppressed. Nevertheless, severe SC morphological abnormalities (including tubular atrophy, SC degeneration, and interstitial fibrosis) have been observed during prolonged other GnRHa treatment (13,14). There is still controversy as regards the reversibility of these changes (5, 13, 15).…”