Effect of transportation during periods of high ambient temperature on physiologic and behavioral indices of beef heifers

Theurer, Miles E.; White, Brad J.; Anderson, David E.; Miesner, Matt D.; Mosier, Derek A.; Coetzee, Johann F.; Amrine, David E.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.74.3.481

Cited by 25 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The present study supports the results of a recently reported 46% SP increase following 4 h of transportation (Theurer et al, 2013). Although an inverse linear relationship of MEL and SP has been recently reported in a dehorning study , MEL administration did not reduce SP in the present study.…”

Section: Substance Psupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Bannikov et al (2007) reported that neutrophil MMP-9 is covalently complexed with neutrophil synthesized Hp suggesting that this is a potentially useful biomarker indicating activation and degranulation of neutrophils (Theurer et al, 2013). Increases in plasma Hp-MMP-9 concentration over time are consistent with other studies reporting significantly elevated plasma Hp-MMP-9 concentrations in cattle with acute inflammation (Bannikov et al, 2011).…”

Section: Haptoglobin-matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Complexessupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Plasma concentrations of SP were analyzed by RIA using double antibody system with a primary antibody vs. SP (1:60,000, lot number H-061-0, purchased from Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, Burlingame, CA) and 125 I-substance P (20,000 counts per minute) purchased from PerkinElmer Inc. (Waltham, MA). Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (13 mM) immunoassays have been used previously to determine SP concentrations and have been validated for use with bovine plasma (Coetzee et al, 2008;Theurer et al, 2013). The assay had a determination range of 5 to 160 pg/mL.…”

Section: Substance P Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of oral meloxicam on circulating physiological biomarkers of stress and inflammation in beef steers after long-distance transportation1

Engen

Stock

Engelken

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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Transportation stress can result in significant economic losses to producers due to decreased animal productivity and increased medication costs associated with sickness such as bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Meloxicam (MEL) provides pain relief and anti-inflammatory effects in cattle for several days after a single oral treatment. Our hypothesis was that MEL administration before shipping would reduce the impact of long-distance transportation on circulating physiological biomarkers of stress and inflammation in beef steers. Ninety-seven beef steers were blood sampled for baseline biomarker determination and then randomly assigned to receive either 1 mg/kg MEL (n = 49) or a placebo (CONT; n = 48) per os before a 1,316-km transportation event lasting approximately 16 h. Calves were then blood sampled on arrival and 5 d later. Changes in the hemogram, circulating plasma proteins, total carbon dioxide (TCO 2 ), fibrinogen, substance P (SP), cortisol, haptoglobin (Hp)-matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) complexes, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) between treatments over time were compared using a mixed effects model with statistical significance designated as P < 0.05. Analysis of covariance was conducted to assess the relationship between circulating MEL concentrations and biomarker changes over time. An increase in neutrophil, platelet, monocyte, white blood cell, and red blood cell counts occurred after transportation (P < 0.0001) and a decrease in lymphocyte count were observed (P < 0.0001). Meloxicam treatment reduced the stress-induced neutrophilia (P = 0.0072) and circulating monocyte count (P = 0.013) on arrival. Mean corpuscle hemoglobin (P = 0.05), mean corpuscle volume (P = 0.05), and lymphocyte count (P = 0.05) were also greater in the CONT calves compared with MEL calves after transportation. Furthermore, Hp-MMP-9 complexes, TCO 2 , TNFα, plasma proteins, and SP increased and cortisol decreased after shipping (P < 0.01). Meloxicam treatment tended to reduce serum cortisol concentrations (P = 0.08) and there was evidence of a time × treatment interaction (P = 0.04). An inverse relationship between plasma MEL concentrations and circulation cortisol concentrations (P = 0.002) and neutrophil (P = 0.04) and basophil counts (P = 0.03) was also observed. The results suggest that MEL administration may reduce the impact of long-distance transportation on circulating physiological biomarkers of stress and inflammation in beef calves. ABSTRACT: Transportation stress can result in significant economic losses to producers due to decreased animal productivity and increased medication costs associated with sickness such as bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Meloxicam (MEL) provides pain relief and anti-inflammatory effects in cattle for several days after a single oral treatment. Our hypothesis was that MEL administration before shipping would reduce the impact of long-distance transportation on circulating physiological biomarkers of stress and inflammation in beef steers. Ninety-seven beef steers were b...

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Section: Substance Psupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Haptoglobin-matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Complexessupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Substance P Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impact of oral meloxicam on circulating physiological biomarkers of stress and inflammation in beef steers after long-distance transportation1

Engen

Stock

Engelken

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SP [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Parent substance P molecule composed of 11 amino acids SP [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Metabolite of substance P composed of the last 9 C-terminal amino acids SP [7][8][9][10][11] Metabolite of substance P composed of the last 5 C-terminal amino acids been evaluated as a response variable that may be more specific for the measurement of pain in animals. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Substance P is a biologically active peptide that has a role in neural transmission of nociceptive signals from peripheral sites to the CNS.…”

Section: Kiu Kallikrein Inhibitor Units Lc-ms-msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sample handling methods on substance P concentrations and immunoreactivity in bovine blood samples

Mosher

Coetzee

Allen

et al. 2014

ajvr

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Objective—To determine the effects of protease inhibitors and holding times and temperatures before processing on the stability of substance P in bovine blood samples. Samples—Blood samples obtained from a healthy 6-month-old calf. Procedures—Blood samples were dispensed into tubes containing exogenous substance P and 1 of 6 degradative enzyme inhibitor treatments: heparin, EDTA, EDTA with 1 of 2 concentrations of aprotinin, or EDTA with 1 of 2 concentrations of a commercially available protease inhibitor cocktail. Plasma was harvested immediately following collection or after 1, 3, 6, 12, or 24 hours of holding at ambient (20.3° to 25.4°C) or ice bath temperatures. Total substance P immunoreactivity was determined with an ELISA; concentrations of the substance P parent molecule, a metabolite composed of the 9 terminal amino acids, and a metabolite composed of the 5 terminal amino acids were determined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Results—Regarding blood samples processed immediately, no significant differences in substance P concentrations or immunoreactivity were detected among enzyme inhibitor treatments. In blood samples processed at 1 hour of holding, substance P parent molecule concentration was significantly lower for ambient temperature versus ice bath temperature holding conditions; aprotinin was the most effective inhibitor of substance P degradation at the ice bath temperature. The ELISA substance P immunoreactivity was typically lower for blood samples with heparin versus samples with other inhibitors processed at 1 hour of holding in either temperature condition. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that blood samples should be chilled and plasma harvested within 1 hour after collection to prevent substance P degradation.

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“…Objective, continuous behavioral monitoring using accelerometers and pedometers has been used to assess cattle behavior in a variety of scenarios. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Monitoring cattle location within a defined environment has also been used in an effort to identify and monitor potential behavioral changes. 8,10 The objective of this review is to describe potential benefits and challenges of remotely monitoring cattle behavior with available methodologies including clinical illness scores, visual monitoring, accelerometers, pedometers, feed intake and behavioral monitoring, global position systems, and real time location systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Noninvasive Assessment of Pain and Health Status in Cattle

Theurer¹,

Amrine²,

White³

2013

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice

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SynopsisCattle behavior is frequently monitored to determine health and wellness state of the animal. The objective of this review is to describe potential benefits and challenges of remotely monitoring cattle behavior with available methodologies including clinical illness scores, visual monitoring, accelerometers, pedometers, feed intake and behavioral monitoring, global position systems, real time location systems, thermography images, and rumen telemetry temperature bolus. The behavior of interest, labor required, and monitoring expenses all need to be taken into consideration before deciding which remote behavioral monitoring device is most appropriate.Monitoring the feeding behavior of an animal over a period of time allows establishment of a baseline against which deviations in subsequent behavioral patterns can be evaluated.Interpretation of multiple behavioral responses as an aggregate indicator of animal wellness status rather than as individual outcomes may be a more accurate measure of true state of animal pain or wellness status. Key Points Cattle behavior is frequently monitored to determine health and wellness state.

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Effect of transportation during periods of high ambient temperature on physiologic and behavioral indices of beef heifers

Abstract: Results indicated transportation during periods of high ambient temperatures caused transient changes in physiologic and behavioral indices of beef heifers.

Cited by 25 publications

References 39 publications

Impact of oral meloxicam on circulating physiological biomarkers of stress and inflammation in beef steers after long-distance transportation1

Impact of oral meloxicam on circulating physiological biomarkers of stress and inflammation in beef steers after long-distance transportation1

Effects of sample handling methods on substance P concentrations and immunoreactivity in bovine blood samples

Remote Noninvasive Assessment of Pain and Health Status in Cattle

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