Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Reaction Time Training on Cognition and Choice Reaction Time in Recreational Soccer Players (FAST Trial): A Protocol for A Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract

Background: Studies examining the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and reaction time (RT) training on choice RT in the lower limb during a specific task linked to soccer practice, such as kicking, are lacking. Accordingly, this proposal aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tDCS and RT training in choice RT and cognitive function during recreational soccer. Methods: In this single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study of 30 recreational soccer players, tDCS will be applied in the primary motor cortex (M1). Participants will be divided into (1) anodal tDCS plus RT training and (2) sham tDCS plus RT training. The investigator will be blinded to patient treatment before the first session, last session, and 1 day after the last tDCS session. In total, 15 sessions will be performed using a schedule of three times a week for 5 weeks. The RT training protocol will be delivered during tDCS and will comprise kicking a ball from a platform, placed on either the right or the left side, depending on a light cue, during a 10-min interval (between minute 5 and minute 15 after 20-min stimulation). Changes in choice RT in the upper and lower limbs will be considered primary outcome measures, and changes in Trail Making Test and Digit Span Test will be considered secondary outcome measures. Any adverse effects during the study period will be reported. To detect changes in continuous outcomes, a the anodal tDCS and the sham mode will be compared using a t-test for normal distribution, or the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test for non-normal distribution; changes will be considered significant at p < 0.05. Discussion: The FAST trial is a new proposal that uses a novel method of evaluation and training of choice RT in soccer players through a functional task. The anodal tDCS along with choice RT training with a functional task can be an efficient tool for athletes to prevent injuries. Our findings may be useful for soccer athletes to have enhanced responses during a game, and to improve performances in championships. Trial Registration: Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (Rebec) - RBR-9bjttcDate of registration: 02/28/2020Last Update: 04/20/2020