Effect of Trade on the Demand for Skilled and Unskilled Workers

Lee, Chinkook; Schluter, Gerald

doi:10.1080/09535319900000005

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Employment that previously required butchering skills and some degree of craftsmanship became routinized and repetitive, as once relatively small plants processing many types of livestock were replaced by much larger plants often specializing in specific livestock breeds. A recent analysis of nine broad industrial sectors (e.g., other agricultural processing, nondurable manufacturing, mining) between 1972 and 1992 found that meat processing was the only industry that experienced a decline in its ratio of skilled to unskilled workers (Lee and Schluter 1999;Schluter and Lee 2002).…”

Section: Work Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restructuring of the US Meat Processing Industry and New Hispanic Migrant Destinations

Kandel

Parrado

2005

Population & Development Rev

206

175

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Findings from the 2000 US Census indicate high rates of Hispanic population increase beyond urban areas and traditional immigrant-receiving states. The diversity of new destinations raises questions about forces attracting migrants to rural areas and links between economic structural change and Hispanic population growth. Our conceptual framework applies dual labor market theory to the meat processing industry, a sector whose growing Hispanic labor force offers an illustrative case study for analyzing how labor demand influences demographic change. We document the industry's consolidation, concentration, increased demand for low-skilled labor, and changing labor force composition over three decades. We then position meat processing within a broader analysis that models nonmetropolitan county Hispanic population growth between 1980 and 2000 as a function of changes in industrial sector employment share and nonmetro county economic and demographic indicators. We find that growth in meat processing employment exhibits the largest positive coefficient increase in nonmetro Hispanic population growth over two decades and the largest impact of all sectors by 2000. Copyright 2005 The Population Council, Inc..

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Section: Work Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restructuring of the US Meat Processing Industry and New Hispanic Migrant Destinations

Kandel

Parrado

2005

Population & Development Rev

206

175

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“…Nonetheless, empirical analyses of global socioeconomic impacts of international trade are scarce (Timmer et al ; Foster‐McGregor et al ; and the recently published The Labor Footprint of Nations by Alsamawi et al []). Frequently, studies focus on international trade's effects on domestic labor (see, e.g., Alcala and Ciccone ; Feenstra and Hanson ; Feenstra and Hong ; Gu and Rennison ; Lee and Schluter ; Ben Salha ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Labor Embodied in Trade

Simas¹,

Wood²,

Hertwich³

2014

J of Industrial Ecology

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SummaryGlobal production chains carry environmental and socioeconomic impacts embodied in each traded good and service. Even though labor and energy productivities tend to be higher for domestic production in high-income countries than those in emerging economies, this difference is significantly reduced for consumption, when including imported products to satisfy national demand. The analysis of socioeconomic and environmental aspects embodied in consumption can shed a light on the real level of productivity of an economy, as well as the effects of rising imports and offshoring. This research introduces a consumption-based metric for productivity, in which we evaluate the loss of productivity of developed nations resulting from imports from less-developed economies and offshoring of labor-intensive production. We measure the labor, energy, and greenhouse gas emissions footprints in the European Union's trade with the rest of the world through a multiregional input-output model. We confirm that the labor footprint of European imports is significantly higher than the one of exports, mainly from low-skilled, labor-intensive primary sectors. A high share of labor embodied in exports is commonly associated with low energy productivities in domestic industries. Hence, this reconfirms that the offshoring of production to cheaper and low-skilled, labor-abundant countries offsets, or even reverts, energy efficiency gains and climate-change mitigation actions in developed countries. Keywords:consumption-based accounting energy embodied in trade factor productivity industrial ecology multiregional input-output analysis trade footprint Supporting information is available on the JIE Web site

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“…By researching on trade deficit and immigration in USA during 1980s, Borjas et al (1991) suggest that the import of labour-intensive products, along with immigration, creates oversupply unskilled labour. But, other studies (Lee and Schluter, 1999), about the effect of trade between USA and developing countries over the demand for skilled and unskilled labour during 1972-1992, argue trade is not the main factor for the changing labour demand. Although developed countries continue to increase imports of manufacturing goods from developing countries, trade only has a minor negative impact on manufacturing jobs in developed countries (Ghose, 2000).…”

Section: Foreign Trade and Employmentmentioning

confidence: 96%

Real Exchange Rate, Foreign Trade and Employment: Evidence from China

Zeng

Yuxue

Shisong³

et al. 2011

SSRN Journal

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Real Exchange Rate, Foreign Trade and Employment: Evidence from ChinaCoordination of macro-economic development and employment is an essential issue for China's social development, which largely depends on economic expansion, as well as integration into the global market to create jobs. Through the literature review and empirical test, this paper analyses the relationship between macro-economic policy and employment, and discusses the impact of real exchange rate and foreign trade on employment. The research indicates that a stable and competitive exchange rate policy plays an indispensable role in employment promotion, more effective than monetary and fiscal policies, while the export growth also plays a positive role in employment promotion.

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Effect of Trade on the Demand for Skilled and Unskilled Workers

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

Restructuring of the US Meat Processing Industry and New Hispanic Migrant Destinations

Restructuring of the US Meat Processing Industry and New Hispanic Migrant Destinations

Labor Embodied in Trade

Real Exchange Rate, Foreign Trade and Employment: Evidence from China

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