Effect of tool shape on mechanical properties and microstructure of friction stir welded aluminum alloys

Investigation of Effects of Different Parameters on Mechanical Properties in Friction Stir Welding of Az31b Magnesium Alloy

“…The reason for this was the formation of recrystallization by the effect of plastic deformation and heat and the thinning of grain structure [9]. As we got closer to the base material from the welding interface, hardness values decreased and the results close to the hardness values of the base material were obtained.…”

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding between Ultrafine Grained 1050 and 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloys

“…Since FSW is performed at a temperature lower than the melting point of the materials to be welded, FSW can produce joints with fewer defects or porosity, low residual stresses, etc., compared with other fusion welding methods [3,4]. The FSW technique has developed very rapidly since its emergence and it has now been expanded to many high melting point metallic materials, including Cu, Ti, Fe, stainless steels, and even high carbon steels, which were considered to be unweldable materials by fusion welding methods because of the formation of the brittle martensite phase [5][6][7][8]. Therefore, with the increasing effort to improve fuel efficiency in industry, the use of the FSW technique must be in strong demand in the near future for the welding of light materials, especially aluminum and magnesium alloys.…”

Friction stir lap welding of 5456 aluminum alloy with different sheet thickness: process optimization and microstructure evolution

“…Other studies, carried out on a wide variety of precipitation hardened aluminum alloys, the influence of FSW process parameters on the characteristics of the precipitates and their impact on hardness profile has been investigated and mostly related to the local amount of heat generated by the rotating tool [11][12][13][14][15]. Therefore tool geometry plays a critical role in obtaining defect free FSW joints and its selection have a direct impact in optimizing of the other process parameters such as tool rotation speed, tool advance, etc.…”

“…An extensive review of the literature indicates that tool geometry has a determining effect on the flow of the material beneath the shoulder and hence the elimination of the kissing bonds. However, due to the highly dynamic nature of the process and the difficulty in mathematically formulating and predicting material flow, the tool geometry optimization has been mostly based on experience [3,5,9,[11][12][13][14][15]. Specifically, Zhao et al [2] found optimum joint properties in a 2014 aluminum alloy using a screw pitched taper stirrer pin.…”