Effect of tonsillectomy on humeral and cellular immunity: a systematic review of published studies from 2009 to 2019

Altwairqi, R G; Aljuaid, Sattam M.; Alqahtani, Abdulrahman

doi:10.1007/s00405-019-05672-6

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Therefore, we speculated that tonsillectomy in older patients, would show an especially high correlation with IBS development, compared with their younger counterparts in the present study. Consistent with our finding that there was no significant correlation of tonsillectomy with IBS in younger patients, a recent study found evidences supporting the idea that tonsillectomy has a limited effect on T cell-mediated adaptive immunity in children, indicating that having a functional thymus is rather important in young individuals undergoing this procedure [20]. Nevertheless, the mechanism responsible for tonsil-mediated immune dysfunction, which accelerates IBS development, requires further in-depth study.…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 91%

“…There may have been insufficient statistical power to detect significant differences due to the low incidence of autoimmune diseases in our patient population. Although a systematic review including 404 children conducted by Altwairqi et al concluded that tonsillectomy had no negative impact on both cellular and humoral immunity in children [20], the effect of tonsillectomy on the immunity of adults and the elderly remained unclear. We found that patients aged 50 years or older who underwent tonsillectomy had a 3.79-fold higher risk of IBS.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impact of tonsillectomy on irritable bowel syndrome: A nationwide population-based cohort study

Sheng‐Kai

Wang

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tonsillectomy is a commonly performed surgical procedure worldwide; however, the possible long-term consequences have not been fully explored. The tonsils are secondary lymphoid tissue providing a defensive barrier against pathogens. There are few data in the literature on the relationship between prior tonsillectomy and the risk of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of developing IBS in patients who underwent tonsillectomy using a nationwide longitudinal population-based cohort. We identified 1300 patients with tonsillectomy and 2600 matched controls from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Research Database of the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Propensity score analysis was used for matching age, gender, comorbidities, medications, and index year at a ratio of 1:2. Multiple Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio of IBS. Furthermore, sensitivity tests and a stratified analysis were conducted. The incidence of IBS was 3 per 1,000 person-years in tonsillectomy patients, which was higher than the rate of 1.8 per 1,000 person-years found in non-tonsillectomy patients. After adjustment for patients' age, gender, comorbidities, and medications, patients who underwent tonsillectomy had a 1.84-fold risk of developing IBS compared to those without tonsillectomy (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]:1.84; 95% CI, 1.09-3.09). Stratified analysis revealed that a higher adjusted HR of 3.79 (95% CI, 1.35-10.64) in patients �50 years old, and there was a marginally significantly higher adjusted HR of 1.98 (95% CI, 0.99-3.95) of developing IBS when the follow-up period was longer than 3 years. Tonsillectomy was associated with a higher risk of developing IBS. Physicians should provide appropriate monitoring of IBS in patients undergoing tonsillectomy.

show abstract

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of tonsillectomy on irritable bowel syndrome: A nationwide population-based cohort study

Sheng‐Kai

Wang

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recent reports indicate that the early marker of SARS-CoV-2 infection is anosmia or partial loss of the sense of smell (hyposmic). In a study of 357 patients, 85.6% had olfactory dysfunction related to the SARS-CoV-2 infection, 284 (79.6%) patients were anosmic, and 73 (20.4%) were hyposmic [79]. This manifestation may be considered as direct damage to the olfactory receptor neurons located in the olfactory epithelium.…”

Section: The Olfactory Epithelium and Olfactory Dysfunction In Covid mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroinvasion, neurotropic, and neuroinflammatory events of SARS-CoV-2: understanding the neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Respiratory viruses are opportunistic pathogens that infect the upper respiratory tract in humans and cause severe illnesses, especially in vulnerable populations. Some viruses have neuroinvasive properties and activate the immune response in the brain. These immune events may be neuroprotective or they may cause long-term damage similar to what is seen in some neurodegenerative diseases. The new "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2" (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the Respiratory viruses causing highly acute lethal pneumonia coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with clinical similarities to those reported in "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus"(SARS-CoV) and the "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus"(MERS-CoV) including neurological manifestation. To examine the possible neurological damage induced by SARS-CoV-2, it is necessary to understand the immune reactions to viral infection in the brain, and their short-and long-term consequences. Considering the similarities between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, which will be discussed, cooperative homological and phylogenetical studies lead us to question if SARS-CoV-2 can have similar neuroinvasive capacities and neuroinflammatiory events that may lead to the same short-and long-term neuropathologies that SARS-CoV had shown in human and animal models. To explain the neurological manifestation caused by SARS-CoV-2, we will present a literature review of 765 COVID-19 patients, in which 18% had neurological symptoms and complications, including encephalopathy, encephalitis and cerebrovascular pathologies, acute myelitis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Clinical studies describe anosmia or partial loss of the sense of smell as the most frequent symptom in COVID19 patients, suggesting that olfactory dysfunction and the initial ultrarapid immune responses could be a prognostic factor.

show abstract

“…The first studies appeared in the early 1970s, when Ogra showed a reduced level of IgA in nasopharyngeal secretions and a diminished local immune response to oral poliovirus vaccine in children who had undergone adeno-tonsillectomy 11 . Since then, several reports have been published, with non-univocal conclusions: if removal of the palatine tonsils alone does not seem to considerably influence humoral and cellular systemic immunity 12 , their importance in both promoting and effecting the local inflammatory response and production of antibody-secreting cells is better outlined, with the latter spreading throughout the upper airway mucosa and memory cells migrating to regional and distant lymph nodes and secondary lymphoid organs 13 . This key role decreases with age, but residual activity has been found in patients older than 80 years; chronic and recurrent inflammation are crucial in accelerating the decay of immune function 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in the tonsillectomised population

Capriotti

Mattioli²,

Guida

et al. 2021

Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective. Interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and pharyngeal associated lymphoid tissue are thought to influence the manifestations of COVID-19. We aimed to determine whether a previous history of tonsillectomy, as a surrogate indicator of a dysfunctional pharyngeal associated lymphoid tissue, could predict the presentation and course of COVID-19. Methods. Multicentric cross-sectional observational study involving seven hospitals in Northern and Central Italy. Data on the clinical course and signs and symptoms of the infection were collected from 779 adults who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and analysed in relation to previous tonsillectomy, together with demographic and anamnestic data. Results. Patients with previous tonsillectomy showed a greater risk of fever, temperature higher than 39°C, chills and malaise. No significant differences in hospital admissions were found. Conclusions. A previous history of tonsillectomy, as a surrogate indicator of immunological dysfunction of the pharyngeal associated lymphoid tissue, could predict a more intense systemic manifestation of COVID-19. These results could provide a simple clinical marker to discriminate suspected carriers and to delineate more precise prognostic models.

show abstract

Effect of tonsillectomy on humeral and cellular immunity: a systematic review of published studies from 2009 to 2019

Cited by 21 publications

References 26 publications

Impact of tonsillectomy on irritable bowel syndrome: A nationwide population-based cohort study

Impact of tonsillectomy on irritable bowel syndrome: A nationwide population-based cohort study

Neuroinvasion, neurotropic, and neuroinflammatory events of SARS-CoV-2: understanding the neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients

COVID-19 in the tonsillectomised population

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About