Effect of tobacco craving cues on memory encoding and retrieval in smokers

Heishman, Stephen J.; Boas, Zachary P.; Hager, Marguerite C.; Taylor, Richard; Singleton, Edward G.; Moolchan, Eric T.

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.08.007

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Ratings of drug craving were increased as a function of smoking-urge intensity and were positively correlated with ratings of tobacco craving in the low-and high-intensity conditions. These results confirm our previous findings (Heishman et al, 2005;Singleton et al, 2003;Taylor et al, 2000) and indicate that environmental cues that elicit craving for tobacco can occasion craving for other drugs of abuse. That episodes of tobacco craving might trigger drug craving states, and hence increase the probability of relapse, has implications for treating tobacco dependence in drug treatment programs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Consistency of subjective responses to imagery-induced tobacco craving over multiple sessions

Lee¹,

Myers²,

Taylor³

et al. 2007

Addictive Behaviors

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Although studies have demonstrated the validity of imagery procedures to elicit tobacco craving responses in single sessions, few studies have examined the consistency of responding in the same individuals over multiple experimental sessions. In this study, nondeprived smokers were presented with a randomized series of imagery scripts that varied in the intensity of smoking-urge content. At each of five sessions spaced over several weeks, participants were exposed to six imagery trials (two each of no-, low-, and high-intensity imagery scripts). After each trial, participants completed subjective measures of tobacco craving and mood. Ratings of craving and negative mood significantly increased as a function of smoking-urge intensity, which was consistent across the five sessions. Further, significant intraclass correlations indicated that craving and mood responses were highly reliable over the five sessions, as well as across two, three, and four sessions. These results have practical implications for examining individual differences in sensitivity to smoking cues and for studies involving repeated measurement of elicited craving over time.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Consistency of subjective responses to imagery-induced tobacco craving over multiple sessions

Lee¹,

Myers²,

Taylor³

et al. 2007

Addictive Behaviors

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“…For example, reduced CC may increase susceptibility to cue reactivity, and the exposure to cues may drain CC resources. 41 Dual process theories, which involve fluctuations between automatic/implicit processes that encourage drug use (eg, smoking cues) and controlled/explicit processes (ie, CC), may provide insight into how to inhibit automatic processes. 42 Tobacco use may be more likely to occur if automatic motivational-emotional processes (eg, craving) override CC-based efforts to resist smoking.…”

Section: And the Capacity To Resist Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Cognitive Control in the Self-Regulation and Reinforcement of Smoking Behavior

Evans

Ashare

2018

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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Cognitive control (CC) - the ability to regulate attention and memory - plays an important role in a variety of health behaviors, including smoking behavior. In this theoretical review of the literature, we propose a CC and smoking behavior framework that includes 1) the positive influence of CC on the self-regulation of smoking; 2) nicotine-induced improvements in CC that may indirectly reinforce smoking (including withdrawal reversal effects); and 3) the long-term effects of smoking on the brain that may result in reduced CC. Integration of these literatures suggests that CC contributes to both self-regulation (i.e., brake pedal) and nicotine-related reinforcement (i.e., gas pedal) amid the catastrophic effects of long-term smoking, which may reduce self-regulatory control over smoking while also enhancing indirect reinforcement. Supportive evidence and limitations of this approach will be presented, as well as ideas for future research directions that may more fully examine this multifaceted modeling of CC in relation to smoking behavior.

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“…Theoretically, a shorter form of any multiple-item questionnaire can be created without reducing reliability (Tiffany et al, 2000). Heishman et al (2006) conducted a preliminary study of imagery-induced craving using only the 17 items with significant loadings from the rotated factor structure of the TCQ and found significant increases in Factor 1 (emotionality) and Factor 3 (compulsivity). Similar to the TCQ, the four factor scales derived from the 17 items had low to high internal consistencies and inter-item correlations; exhibited low to moderate positive intercorrelations; and were significantly correlated with single-item measures of craving, current mood, and daily cigarette smoking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and validity of a Short Form of the Tobacco Craving Questionnaire

Heishman

Singleton

Pickworth

2008

Nicotine & Tobacco Res.

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The Tobacco Craving Questionnaire (TCQ) is a valid and reliable 47-item self-report instrument that assesses tobacco craving in four dimensions: emotionality, expectancy, compulsivity, and purposefulness. For use in research and clinical settings, we constructed a 12-item version of the TCQ by selecting three items from each of the four factors that exhibited optimal within-factor reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient) and inter-item correlation. Smokers (N = 196) completed the TCQ-Short Form (TCQ-SF) after overnight tobacco deprivation and on a separate day during ad libitum smoking. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated acceptable model fit for a 4-factor model, with congruence coefficients suggesting high to very high similarity in factor patterns and magnitude of factor loadings between the TCQ and TCQ-SF in both conditions. Scores on each factor were significantly greater after tobacco deprivation than ad libitum smoking, were associated with measures of tobacco withdrawal, and varied with degree of nicotine dependence. Cronbach's alpha coefficients and average inter-item correlations were similar in both conditions and were consistent with reliability values obtained in the initial validation of the TCQ. Test-retest correlation coefficients were also similar to those found in a previous study. These findings suggest that the TCQ-SF is as valid and reliable as the 47-item TCQ in measuring tobacco craving.

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Effect of tobacco craving cues on memory encoding and retrieval in smokers

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Consistency of subjective responses to imagery-induced tobacco craving over multiple sessions

Consistency of subjective responses to imagery-induced tobacco craving over multiple sessions

The Role of Cognitive Control in the Self-Regulation and Reinforcement of Smoking Behavior

Reliability and validity of a Short Form of the Tobacco Craving Questionnaire

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