Effect of Tm2O3 doping on microstructure and optical properties of Tm:YAG ceramics

Mossbauer Spectroscopy Investigation of Thulium Oxide-Hematite Magnetic Ceramic Nanostructures

“…Many branches of today's economies rely on applications of thulium oxide (Tm2O3) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Thulium oxide represents the next generation of neutron absorbers [1,2] and Tm2O3 thin films are developed as passive saturable absorbers for pulsed fiber laser generation [12].…”

Fabrication, microstructure, and optical properties of Tm:Y3ScAl4O12 laser ceramics

“…Pumping in these two bands allows to obtain efficient laser emission at around 2010 nm by the transition from the 3 F 4 upper energy level to the 3 H 6 state energy level of the Tm 3+ . Despite the high quantum defect, high laser emission efficiency can be obtained thanks to the quantum efficiency approaching a value of about 2, due to the cross excitation process between the 3 H 4 → 3 F 4 and the 3 H 6 → 3 F 4 transition . Therefore Tm 3+ ‐doped solid‐state laser materials, such as Tm:Lu 2 O 3 , Tm:CaF 2 , Tm:LuAG, and Tm:YAG, operating in laser sources with emission around 2 μm have been widely investigated .…”

“…Despite the high quantum defect, high laser emission efficiency can be obtained thanks to the quantum efficiency approaching a value of about 2, due to the cross excitation process between the 3 H 4 → 3 F 4 and the 3 H 6 → 3 F 4 transition. [11][12][13][14] Therefore Tm 3+ -doped solid-state laser materials, such as Tm:Lu 2 O 3 , Tm:CaF 2 , Tm:LuAG, and Tm:YAG, operating in laser sources with emission around 2 μm have been widely investigated. 12,[15][16][17][18][19][20] Concerning the Tm:YAG ceramics, there are some advantages as the high efficiency, high power of the pulsed laser used in the Qswitch and low sensitivity to the temperature.…”

Fabrication and optical studies of transparent Tm, Ho:YAG ceramics

“…Reactive sintering is the simplest and the most commonly used manufacturing method of transparent ceramics. The size and shape of particles as well as the degree of agglomeration of the applied powders play a key role in this technique [30][31][32][33][34]. An incorrect choice of these parameters is likely to lower the value of transmission.…”