Effect of titanium on the morphology of primary M7C3 carbides in hypereutectic high chromium white iron

Wu, Xiaojun; Xing, Jianfeng; Fu, Hanguang; Xing, Zhi

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2006.12.006

Cited by 124 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] For Ti additions, it was reported that the NaCl type carbide such as TiC carbide can act as heterogeneous nuclei for the precipitation of M7C3 type carbides during the cooling and solidification of the melt. [2][3][4] This, in turn, results in significant refinements of the final carbides size. Moreover, the size, volume fraction and distribution of these carbides will also affect the final properties of the hypereutectic HCCIs significantly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Cooling Rate and Ti Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in As-cast Condition of Hypereutectic High Chromium Cast Irons

et al. 2012

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The effect of cooling rate and Ti additions on the mechanical properties and carbides characteristics such as morphology, size distribution and composition was studied in high-chromium cast irons containing Fe-17 mass%Cr-4 mass%C. Based on the size distribution, composition and morphology, M7C3 type carbides were roughly classified into "primary M7C3 carbides" and "eutectic M7C3 carbides" with a 11.2 μm border size. Thereafter, the change of the solidification structure and especially the refinement of carbides size were determined. It was found that both the size and number values should be summarized systematically for primary M7C3 carbides and eutectic M7C3 carbides, respectively. Also, TiC carbides with a high formation temperature can not only act as a nuclei of M7C3 carbides, but they also contain a Ti(C, N) core. In the as-cast condition, the bulk hardness of the cast irons increases with an increased Ti content. In addition, the wear loss increases with an increased Ti content. Neither the bulk hardness nor the wear loss did change too much with an increased cooling rate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, they show only the effects of the average diameter and volume fraction of the total amount of carbides on the material properties. [2][3][4][5]7) In addition, they have not classified the M7C3 type carbides into "primary carbides" and "eutectic carbides". Nor have these studies presented information on their border size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cooling Rate and Ti Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in As-cast Condition of Hypereutectic High Chromium Cast Irons

et al. 2012

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“…due to its excellent performance under wear and abrasion conditions [36][37][38][39][40]. In particular, hardness, fracture toughness and wear resistance have been measured in hypoeutectic and hypereutectic WCIs with different Cr content [36,37].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results obtained with this approach, which does not account for the GWT, have been experimentally validated in multiple cylindrical bar castings and in one production part. On the other hand, white cast iron (WCI) with high chromium (Cr) content was the focus of several experimental investigations due to its excellent performance under wear and abrasion conditions [36][37][38][39][40]. In particular, hardness, fracture toughness and wear resistance have been measured in hypoeutectic and hypereutectic WCIs with different Cr content [36,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Simulation of the Gray-to-White Transition during Solidification of a Hypereutectic Gray Cast Iron: Application to a Stub-to-Carbon Connection Used in Smelting Processes

Urrutia

Celentano

Gunasegaram

2017

Metals

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This work reports on experimental and numerical results of the gray-to-white transition (GWT) during solidification of a hypereutectic gray cast iron (GCI) in a casting test using a stub-to-carbon (STC) connection assembly. Since in this process non-uniform cooling rates are produced, the mechanical properties are expected to spatially vary due to the development of different microstructures along the thimble. The twin aims of this work were to (1) experimentally validate the GWT prediction capabilities of the microstructural model proposed earlier by the authors in the rodding process of a hypereutectic GCI-STC, and (2) estimate, from the numerically obtained microstructure and ultimate tensile strength (UTS), the local hardness of the alloy after the numerical predictions of the microstructure were experimentally validated. To this end, the final microstructure at different points of the thimble and the hardness profile along its radial direction were measured for validation purposes. Moreover, this rodding process was simulated using an extension of a thermal microstructural model previously developed by the authors and the GWT was superimposed on that simulation. The computed results encompass cooling curves, the evolution of gray and white fractions, eutectic radii and densities and, in addition, the hardness profile. A detailed discussion of the experimental and numerical results is presented. Finally, the computed GWT was found to adequately reproduce the experimental data.

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“…In the practical production process, the segregation is inevitable so measures are taken such as decreasing or refining the eutectic carbides, increasing nucleation or inhibiting the growth of eutectic carbides. However, methods such as accelerating the cooling rate [15,16], adopting low superheat [17], adding an alloy element [18][19][20][21] or rare earth for modification treatment [22][23][24][25] bring a very limited improvement to the mechanical properties of steel. The addition of alloying elements in high-carbon tool steels is one of the countermeasures in controlling carbides in these steels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Titanium on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High-Carbon Martensitic Stainless Steel 8Cr13MoV

Shi

et al. 2016

Metals

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Abstract:The effect of titanium on the carbides and mechanical properties of martensitic stainless steel 8Cr13MoV was studied. The results showed that TiCs not only acted as nucleation sites for δ-Fe and eutectic carbides, leading to the refinement of the microstructure, but also inhibited the formation of eutectic carbides M 7 C 3 . The addition of titanium in steel also promoted the transformation of M 7 C 3 -type to M 23 C 6 -type carbides, and consequently more carbides could be dissolved into the matrix during hot processing as demonstrated by the determination of extracted carbides from the steel matrix. Meanwhile, titanium suppressed the precipitation of secondary carbides during annealing. The appropriate amount of titanium addition decreased the size and fraction of primary carbides in the as-cast ingot, and improved the mechanical properties of the annealed steel.

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Effect of titanium on the morphology of primary M7C3 carbides in hypereutectic high chromium white iron

Cited by 124 publications

References 36 publications

Effect of Cooling Rate and Ti Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in As-cast Condition of Hypereutectic High Chromium Cast Irons

Effect of Cooling Rate and Ti Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in As-cast Condition of Hypereutectic High Chromium Cast Irons

Modeling and Simulation of the Gray-to-White Transition during Solidification of a Hypereutectic Gray Cast Iron: Application to a Stub-to-Carbon Connection Used in Smelting Processes

Effect of Titanium on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High-Carbon Martensitic Stainless Steel 8Cr13MoV

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