Effect of Titanium Content in MWCNT@Sn_1‐xTi_xO₂ Composites on the Lithium Ion Storage Process

Abstract

We report the synthesis of multiwall carbon nanotubes@metal oxide composites (MWCNT@Sn 1-x Ti x O 2 ) and explore the lithium storage capacity and mechanisms in a broad range of compositions. The composite structures were synthesized by hydrothermal method using SnCl 4 and TiCl 4 as Sn and Ti sources, respectively. Oxide adherence on the carbon surface, as well as an optimum ratio between surface area and porosity, seem to be promoted by Sn content, with MWCNT@Sn 0.75 Ti 0.25 O 2 showing the best performance in terms of Li capacity and structure stability. Cycled in a potential range of 3 to 1 V vs Li/ Li + , the composite shows an insertion mechanism reported for solid solutions with low Sn content, whereas at cut off potential of 0 V vs Li/Li + the alloying mechanism expected for SnO 2 is dominant. Nevertheless, the presence of Ti during the transformation of the solid solution impacts positivily the performance of these electrodes.[a] M. Ramírez-Vargas, Dr. M. S. de la Fuente, Dr.

Tuning the Conduction Band for Interfacial Electron Transfer: Dye-Sensitized SnxTi1–xO2 Photoanodes for Water Splitting

“…22 Therefore, using a ternary metal oxide such as Sn x Ti 1−x O 2 (where 0 ≤ x ≤ 1) that offers the ability to tune the E CBM as a function of composition is one strategy that can be used to control IET in WS-DSPECs. Sn x Ti 1−x O 2 solid solutions have been studied as photoanode materials in conventional dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), 23−25 batteries, 26,27 and for photocatalysis. 28,29 In addition, there have been several experimental 30,31 and theoretical 32 studies on the properties of Sn x Ti 1−x O 2 solid solutions.…”

“…Sn x Ti 1– x O 2 solid solutions have been studied as photoanode materials in conventional dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), − batteries, , and for photocatalysis. , In addition, there have been several experimental , and theoretical studies on the properties of Sn x Ti 1– x O 2 solid solutions. Notably in the context of DSSCs, Zhang et al suggested that Ti 4+ atoms incorporated into SnO 2 act as trap states that inhibit electron transport within the material, but increase the recombination lifetime .…”