Effect of titanium and rare earth microalloying on microsegregation, eutectic carbides of M2 high speed steel during ESR process

Yin, Fuxing; Wang, Lu; Xiao, Zhixia; Feng, Jianhang; Zhao, Liguo

doi:10.1016/j.jre.2019.09.009

Cited by 43 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…[12,21] In addition to heterogeneous nucleation, the constitutional supercooling and intermetallic phases also have significant effects on the dendrite structure. Due to the low solubility of Ce in austenite phase, the addition of Ce will strongly segregate and enrich into the liquid phase at the dendrite forefront during solidification, [21,41,42] which is confirmed by the experimental result that Ce segregates into the interdendritic regions ( Figure 6(h)). Moreover, owing to the strong interaction between Mo/Ce atoms and W/Ce atoms, [43] the enrichment of W and Mo in the liquid phase during solidification would further increase the segregation degree of Ce.…”

Section: A Refining Mechanism Of Dendrite Structuresupporting

confidence: 58%

“…The interdendritic segregation of Ce will lead to the increase of constitutional supercooling at the beginning of the solidification, which promotes the branching of dendrites. [21,42] Meanwhile, large-atoms Ce can hinder the growth of dendrites by the drag effect on solid-liquid interface migration. [44] On the other hand, the combined presence of high levels of C, Mo, Cr, W, V and Fe in the interdendritic region produces intermetallic phases (M 2 C or M 6 C eutectic carbides) at the end of solidification.…”

Section: A Refining Mechanism Of Dendrite Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolutions of Micro- and Macrostructure by Cerium Treatment in As-Cast AISI M42 High-Speed Steel

Jiao

Feng

et al. 2020

Metall Mater Trans B

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The as-cast M42 high-speed steels containing different contents of cerium (Ce) were manufactured to investigate the effects of Ce on the solidification structures at the micro-and macroscale. The results indicate that the addition of Ce could modify MgOAEAl 2 O 3 and MnS into the Ce-containing inclusions. The addition of Ce refined the dendrite structure and eutectic carbides, which can be ascribed to the heterogeneous nucleation of primary austenite on Ce 2 O 2 S or Ce 2 O 3 and the increase in both the compositional supercooling at the dendrite forefront and the restriction on the dendrites coarsening. Both the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SADS) and total eutectic carbides content decrease gradually with increasing Ce content. M 2 C and M 6 C carbides are the predominant precipitates. The increase of Ce content made the morphology of M 2 C carbides change from long lamellar or straight-rod morphology into shorter curved-rod or honeycomb morphology because of the overgrowth of eutectic austenite, but it had no significant effect on the morphology of M 6 C carbides. Ce 2 O 2 S and Ce 2 O 3 can serve as the very effective heterogeneous nucleation sites for M 6 C carbides because of the low lattice disregistry between them, hence Ce addition improved markedly the macroscopic distribution of M 6 C carbides in the cast ingot and promoted the formation of M 6 C carbides at the expense of M 2 C carbides.

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Section: A Refining Mechanism Of Dendrite Structuresupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: A Refining Mechanism Of Dendrite Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutions of Micro- and Macrostructure by Cerium Treatment in As-Cast AISI M42 High-Speed Steel

Jiao

Feng

et al. 2020

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…Boccalini Jr et al 23) reported that RE favors the formation of M 6 C carbide in M2 high-speed steel at the expense of M 2 C carbide. Such a phenomenon was also observed in M2 steel by Zhou et al 24) and Yin et al 25) and in M42 steel by Jiao et al 10) . Boccalini Jr et al 23) and other researchers 10,24) claimed that RE-bearing oxysulfide inclusions serve as heterogeneous nucleation sites for M 6 C carbide, thus promoting its formation.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Formation Behavior of M<sub>2</sub>C and M<sub>6</sub>C Eutectic Carbides in M42 High-Speed Steel

et al. 2023

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High-Speed SteelSynopsis M 2 C eutectic carbide favours the mechanical properties of high-speed steels, but is often largely replaced by coarse M 6 C eutectic carbide in as-cast M42 steel. To deeply understand the formation behavior of M 2 C and M 6 C carbides, M 2 C and M 6 C eutectic alloys were prepared according to the composition of M 2 C and M 6 C eutectic mixtures in M42 steel, and their solidification behavior was investigated. Only one type of eutectic carbide is formed in water-quenched M 2 C and M 6 C eutectic alloys, i.e., M 2 C and M 6 C, respectively. Both M 2 C and M 6 C carbides appear in the alloys cooled at 3°C/min. However, the M 2 C eutectic alloy was more significantly affected in terms of carbide type by the low cooling rate. According to thermodynamic calculation, M 6 C carbide in the M 2 C eutectic alloy is only slightly more stable in thermodynamics above 1210.1 °C, below which M 2 C carbide becomes stable. For the M 6 C eutectic alloy, however, only M 6 C eutectic carbide is thermodynamically stable. Furthermore, thermodynamic results reveal that besides raising the content of C and V, reducing the content of Mo can also greatly promote the formation of M 2 C carbide in M42 steel, which updates the traditional opinion on the influence of Mo element. The results in this work provide the underlying insights needed to promote the formation of M 2 C carbide in M42 steel by fine-tuning the composition.

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“…Generally, eutectic M 2 C carbides are formed during the solidification of M2 HSS. [28] They will decompose into MC and M 6 C following heat treatment due to their thermodynamic instability. However, controlling the morphology (also the distribution) of this eutectic carbide is critical for the heat treatment structure of HSS.…”

Section: B Eutectic Carbide Refinement and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refinement of Eutectic Carbides in M2 High Speed Steel by Adjusting Magnetic Flux Density During Magnetic Controlled ESR Process

Guo

Xia

et al. 2022

Metall Mater Trans B

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Effect of titanium and rare earth microalloying on microsegregation, eutectic carbides of M2 high speed steel during ESR process

Cited by 43 publications

References 30 publications

Evolutions of Micro- and Macrostructure by Cerium Treatment in As-Cast AISI M42 High-Speed Steel

Evolutions of Micro- and Macrostructure by Cerium Treatment in As-Cast AISI M42 High-Speed Steel

Formation Behavior of M<sub>2</sub>C and M<sub>6</sub>C Eutectic Carbides in M42 High-Speed Steel

Refinement of Eutectic Carbides in M2 High Speed Steel by Adjusting Magnetic Flux Density During Magnetic Controlled ESR Process

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