Effect of TiO 2 content on the acid resistance of a ceramic proppant

Wu, Tingting; Zhou, Jian; Wu, Bolin

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2015.06.012

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Since Stanolind Oil conducted the first experimental fracturing in the Hugoton field utilizing sand from the Arkansas River in 1947, sand has remained the most commonly used proppant for hydraulic fracturing process because of economic advantages . Nevertheless, quartz sand reduces the conductivity of cracks due to its low strength and poor sphericity . Ceramic proppants, on the other hand, have outstanding advantages through their combination of beneficial properties, such as high hardness, high melting temperature, good erosion and wear resistance, and high level of chemical inertness in corrosive environments .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have reported the additives such as TiO 2, Cr 2 O 3 , and La 2 O 3 were added to improve the strength of proppants, which inevitably increase the manufacturing costs. Moreover, the sintering of the proppants is often performed at excessively high temperatures of between 1300°C and 1600°C. These high sintering temperatures result in large energy expenditures and high manufacturing costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low‐temperature sintering of ceramic proppants by adding solid wastes

Hao

Feng

et al. 2017

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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Low-density bauxite-based ceramic proppants were prepared at sintering temperatures below 1300°C by adding solid wastes coal gangue and magnesium slag. The addition of solid wastes greatly decreases sintering temperature and preparation cost. The density and strength of ceramic proppants were tested according to the standard, and the morphology and phase composition were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the main crystal phases are corundum and mullite, and the most suitable sintering temperature is 1250°C. At the sintering temperature apparent density is 2.84 g/cm 3 , and breakage ratio is 7.16% under 52 MPa closed pressure. Magnesium slag will react with some oxides of raw material at high temperature and form liquid phase, making the structure of ceramic more compact. The prepared ceramic proppants meet China industrial standard requirements SY/T5108-2014. K E Y W O R D Sglass-ceramics, scanning electron microscopy, sinter/sintering, synthesis

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐temperature sintering of ceramic proppants by adding solid wastes

Hao

Feng

et al. 2017

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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show abstract

“…Since Stanolind Oil conducted the first experimental fracturing in the Hugoton field utilizing sand from the Arkansas River in 1947, sand has remained the most commonly used proppant for hydraulic fracturing process because of economic advantages [3]. However, the strength of quartz sand is insufficient for the long-term use of underground wells and quartz sand has poor sphericity [4]. Compared to quartz sand, ceramic proppant has more uniform in size and shape, and has higher sphericity and roundness to yield higher porosity and permeability of the proppant bed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Sintering Temperature on Property of Low-Density Ceramic Proppant Adding Coal Gangue

Hao

Hao²,

Gao³

et al. 2019

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Calcined flint clay (45.6 wt.% Al2O3) and solid waste coal gangue were used to prepare low-density ceramic proppant by solid state sintering method. The density and breakage ratio of the ceramic proppant were systematically investigated as a function of sintering temperature. The morphology and phase composition of the ceramic proppant were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the ceramic proppant is composed of rod-like mullite and granular cristobalite. Bulk density and apparent density of the proppant first rise and then slightly decrease with increasing the sintering temperature, while breakage ratios under 35 MPa and 52 MPa pressure gradually decrease and then increase. As the sintering temperature increases up to 1400 °C, the ceramic proppant shows denser microstructure. The proppant sintered at 1400 °C have the best performance with 1.27 g/cm3 of bulk density, 2.79 g/cm3 of apparent density, 3.27 % of breakage ratio under 35 MPa closed pressure and 8.36 % of breakage ratio under 52 MPa closed pressure, which conform to the requirement of low-density ceramic proppant. The addition of solid waste can greatly reduce the preparation cost of the ceramic proppant.

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“…Since the first fracturing operation was done with silica sand proppant in 1947, many materials have been used as proppants, including walnut shells, natural sand, glass, resin coated sand, sintered bauxite and kaolin, and fused zirconia [7]. Even now, sands and ceramic proppants are the two most common proppants in fracturing processes [1,8]. Quartz sands are traditionally used owing to their low cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quartz sands are traditionally used owing to their low cost. However, quartz sands reduce the permeability of fracture due to their low strength and poor sphericity [8,9]. By contrast, ceramic proppants have many advantages, such as high sphericity and roundness, high strength and hardness, high melting temperature and good chemical inertness in corrosive environments [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of Coal Gangue to Prepare Low Density Ceramic Proppants for Coal Bed Methane Wells

Hao¹

2019

Ceramics - Silikaty

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Low density ceramic proppants for coal bed methane wells were successfully prepared using flint clay and solid waste coal gangue as raw materials. The addition of coal gangue greatly reduced the preparation cost. The phase composition and morphology of the proppants were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the main crystal phases were rod-shaped mullite and granular cristobalite. Furthermore, the suitable amount of coal gangue added was 30-40 wt. %.

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Effect of TiO 2 content on the acid resistance of a ceramic proppant

Cited by 21 publications

References 19 publications

Low‐temperature sintering of ceramic proppants by adding solid wastes

Low‐temperature sintering of ceramic proppants by adding solid wastes

Effect of Sintering Temperature on Property of Low-Density Ceramic Proppant Adding Coal Gangue

Recycling of Coal Gangue to Prepare Low Density Ceramic Proppants for Coal Bed Methane Wells

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