Effect of timing of feeding a high-concentrate diet on growth and attainment of puberty in early-weaned heifers1

Gasser, C L; Behlke, Eric J.; Grum, D. E.; Day, M. L.

doi:10.2527/jas.2005-676

Cited by 98 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The presence of PPARG and its 23 targets in common with ESRRG in our network was evidence for the AWM capturing known biology. There are demonstrated associations between energy balance and reproduction (37,38). If fat deposition traits were excluded from our analysis, this PPARG and ESRRG link could have been missed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association weight matrix for the genetic dissection of puberty in beef cattle

Fortes

Reverter

Zhang

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

129

148

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We describe a systems biology approach for the genetic dissection of complex traits based on applying gene network theory to the results from genome-wide associations. The associations of singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) that were individually associated with a primary phenotype of interest, age at puberty in our study, were explored across 22 related traits. Genomic regions were surveyed for genes harboring the selected SNP. As a result, an association weight matrix (AWM) was constructed with as many rows as genes and as many columns as traits. Each {i, j} cell value in the AWM corresponds to the z-score normalized additive effect of the ith gene (via its neighboring SNP) on the jth trait. Columnwise, the AWM recovered the genetic correlations estimated via pedigree-based restricted maximum-likelihood methods. Rowwise, a combination of hierarchical clustering, gene network, and pathway analyses identified genetic drivers that would have been missed by standard genome-wide association studies. Finally, the promoter regions of the AWM-predicted targets of three key transcription factors (TFs), estrogen-related receptor γ (ESRRG), Pal3 motif, bound by a PPAR-γ homodimer, IR3 sites (PPARG), and Prophet of Pit 1, PROP paired-like homeobox 1 (PROP1), were surveyed to identify binding sites corresponding to those TFs. Applied to our case, the AWM results recapitulate the known biology of puberty, captured experimentally validated binding sites, and identified candidate genes and genegene interactions for further investigation.bovine | complex traits | fertility | reproduction | systems biology T he analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) applied to complex traits remains a challenge (1). Addressing a complex trait by a single, often binary, phenotypic measure is common practice but is limiting. It is not easy to find the right balance between applying a conservative significance threshold that gives rise to a small number of strong and hopefully biologically meaningful associations and applying a relaxed threshold yielding numerous associations, many of which are new but potentially false. In addition, an increase in sample size coupled with a denser chip results in a larger number of associations that, on average, have a much smaller effect (2). Accepting a large number of associations while simultaneously reducing the number of false positives would be ideal. It is reasonable to propose that a holistic approach applied to a relaxed significance threshold could be the solution. Such a strategy would be particularly useful when investigating the genetic basis of complex traits that, by definition, are influenced by numerous genes and pathways.In our study, age at puberty was the complex phenotype considered. Puberty, or the progression to sexual maturity, is a developmental process with genetic drivers conserved among species (3). It is an important phenotype for the beef industry because late puberty has negative effects on reproduction rates and profitability (4). Age at puberty is moderately heritab...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association weight matrix for the genetic dissection of puberty in beef cattle

Fortes

Reverter

Zhang

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

129

148

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“…In agreement, Larson et al (2011) reported increased body weight after corn residue administration for winter grazing. Early post-weaning growth has a more profound effect on reproductive success in the first breeding season, indicating that weaning weight has a major impact on timing of puberty (Roberts et al, 2009) and can be consistently induced by a high-energy diet of beef heifers (Gasser et al, 2006). Banta et al (2005) observed that two-year-old cows subjected to early weaning showed 92% of estrus appearance and 71% of conception rates, demonstrating that increasing energy intake of cows through early weaning should result in decreased postpartum interval and increased pregnancy rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of post-weaning growth and age at puberty in crossbred beef heifers

et al. 2017

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-This study was intended to evaluate body size structure and growth parameters of crossbred heifers fed at four nutritional levels to achieve puberty earlier. Animals were classified depending on their level of crossing between Nelore and Hereford and subjected to four nutritional levels (kg day -1 ) as follows: 0.5 (light; n = 32), 0.75 (medium; n = 32), 1.00 (high; n = 29), and 1.25 (very high; n = 27). Heifers at puberty and at weaning were individually classified for growth parameters. The fat thickness and longissimus muscle area throughout the experimental period were determined by ultrasonography. The height, heart girth, frame, and weight:height ratio were variables used to evaluate body traits. Univariate analysis of variance using the GLIM MIXED procedure os SPSS was performed and the significance level was set at 0.05. Age and body weight at puberty were 388±1.9 days and 331.4±1.3 kg, respectively. Body condition score demonstrated an interaction between nutritional level and crossbred degree. Heifers with the highest degree of Nelore had higher fat thickness and lower weight:height ratio compared with other racial groups at puberty. Pearson correlation coefficient showed a negative association for body condition score (-0.34) and fat thickness (-0.58) compared with age at puberty. The increased fat thickness at younger ages at puberty was observed in all racial groups. The increased weight:height ratio at younger ages at puberty was observed in all racial groups. We observed higher values for a frame in animals at the higher level of supplementation. There is a greater correlation between live weight gain and phenotypic traits during weaning to achieve puberty at an earlier age in crossbred heifers.

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“…Supporting our rationale, Moriel et al (2014b) reported reduced age and BW at puberty in heifers weaned at 72 days of age and fed a high-concentrate diet for 90 days compared with forage-fed cohorts weaned at 252 days of age. Gasser et al (2006) observed that beef heifers weaned at 112 days of age and fed a corn-based diet for 10 week reached puberty sooner than forage-fed contemporaries. However, the similar rate of puberty attainment between MI and CON heifers in the present experiment do not support our hypothesis, but parallels the similar subcutaneous fat accretion and plasma concentrations of IGF-I and leptin between treatments during the peripubertal period (Schillo et al, 1992;Williams et al, 2002;Cooke et al, 2008).…”

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confidence: 98%

“…Perhaps the length and rate of supplementation utilized herein were insufficient to impact the aforementioned variables, despite the long-term increase in hepatic IGF-I and adipose PPARγ mRNA expression that suggests a metabolic imprinting effect (Du et al, 2010). Heifers utilized by Gasser et al (2006) and Moriel et al (2014b) consumed a corn-based diet for, respectively, 10 week at 2.5% to 3.0% of heifer BW or 90 days at 3.5% of heifer BW. In the present experiment, MI heifers consumed a free-choice corn-based supplement for 50 days at 0.83% of heifer BW.…”

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confidence: 98%

Creep-feeding to stimulate metabolic imprinting in nursing beef heifers: impacts on heifer growth, reproductive and physiological variables

Cooke

Cappellozza

Marques

et al. 2015

Animal

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This experiment compared growth, physiological, and reproductive responses of beef heifers with (MI) or without (CON) access to a creep-feeder, as a manner to stimulate metabolic imprinting while nursing their dams. On day 0, 60 Angus × Hereford heifers were ranked by BW and age (140 ± 3 kg and 68 ± 3 days), and assigned to pairs so all ranking criteria were similar between heifers within each pair. On day 1, pairs were randomly assigned to MI (n = 15) or CON (n = 15). From day 1 to 51, MI pairs and their dams were allocated to 15 drylot pens where heifers had ad libitum access to a corn-based supplement through a creep-feeder. The CON pairs and their dams were maintained in an adjacent single drylot pen. From day 52 to 111, treatments were managed as a single group on a semiarid range pasture. On day 111, heifers were weaned and allocated to two pastures (one pasture/ treatment), receiving hay and a corn-based concentrate until day 326. Heifer BW was recorded before and at the end of the creepfeeding period (day 1 to 51), and on days 112 and 326. On days 0, 51, 111, 187, 261, and 325, jugular blood was collected and real-time ultrasonography for longissimus muscle depth and backfat thickness assessment was performed. Blood was also collected every 10 days from days 113 to 323 for puberty evaluation via plasma progesterone. Liver and subcutaneous fat biopsies were performed on days 51, 111, 261 and 325. Average daily gain was greater ( P < 0.01) for MI than CON from day 1 to 51, tended ( P = 0.09) to be greater for CON than MI from day 112 to 326, while BW on day 326 was similar between treatments. On day 51, MI had greater ( P ⩽ 0.01) plasma IGF-I and glucose concentrations, as well as mRNA expression of hepatic pyruvate carboxylase and adipose fatty acid synthase than CON. On days 261 and 325, plasma insulin concentrations were greater ( P ⩽ 0.03) in CON than MI. Mean mRNA expression of hepatic IGF-I and adipose peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma were greater ( P ⩽ 0.05) in MI than CON. No treatment effects were detected for puberty attainment rate. In conclusion, supplementing nursing heifers via creep-feeding for 50 days altered physiological and biochemical variables suggestive of a metabolic imprinting effect, but did not hasten their puberty attainment.Keywords: growth, heifer, physiology, puberty, supplementation ImplicationsFeeding a high-concentrate supplement to nursing beef heifers for 50 days did not enhance their post-weaning body development, physiological responses, and puberty attainment. However, supplemented heifers had long-term increases in biochemical variables suggestive of metabolic imprinting, which is defined as biological responses to a nutritional intervention during early life that permanently alters physiological outcomes later in life. Perhaps a longer period of creep-feeding may be required to further increase supplement intake in nursing beef heifers, and effectively enhance body and reproductive development via metabolic imprinting effects. † E-mail: reinaldo.cooke...

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Effect of timing of feeding a high-concentrate diet on growth and attainment of puberty in early-weaned heifers1

Cited by 98 publications

References 19 publications

Association weight matrix for the genetic dissection of puberty in beef cattle

Association weight matrix for the genetic dissection of puberty in beef cattle

Relationship of post-weaning growth and age at puberty in crossbred beef heifers

Creep-feeding to stimulate metabolic imprinting in nursing beef heifers: impacts on heifer growth, reproductive and physiological variables

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