Effect of timing of diseased plant cutting, altitude and banana cultivar on efficacy of singly removing Xanthomonas wilt infected banana plants

Ntamwira, Jules; Blomme, Guy; Bahati, Liliane; Ocimati, W.

doi:10.1007/s10658-019-01671-9

Cited by 10 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It was also theorised that incomplete systemicity could be due to the reduced dependence of more mature maiden suckers on parent plants (maiden suckers have their own fully developed root systems and mature leaf canopy and were hence postulated to depend less on the mother plant for water and nutrients), thus reducing the likelihood of them becoming infected via the mother plant. Ntamwira et al (2019) however observed higher XW infections in bigger suckers (maiden suckers) compared to smaller ones (peepers and sword suckers) attached to infected mother plants, challenging the hypothesis that bigger suckers are more self-reliant and less susceptible to infections from the attached mother plants. Ntamwira et al (2019) however observed a reduction in incidence of XW infections in attached suckers when artificially inoculated mother plants were timely removed, an act that possibly prevented the build-up of XW inoculum in the mother plant and wider mat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Spread of Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum within banana mats: implications for Xanthomonas wilt management

Ocimati¹,

Tazuba²,

Blomme³

2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Xanthomonas wilt (XW) of banana caused by Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum (Xvm) does not spread to all plants physically interconnected through the rhizome when one or a few are diseased. However, the factors behind this incomplete systemic spread of Xvm are not fully known yet could inform XW management. This study explored the effect of Xvm inoculum amounts, number and size of suckers, sucker positioning on mother plant corms and other mother plant corm attributes on sucker colonization. A shorter (p <0.05) incubation period (17.9 vs 21.1 days) and higher (p<.001) cumulative number of symptomatic leaves (5.2 vs 1.6 leaves) was observed when all (high inoculum) compared to two leaves (low inoculum) were inoculated. Xvm was recovered in corms at 29 days post inoculation (dpi) in both treatments with no differences (p >0.05) in proportions of corms with Xvm between the treatments. However, Xvm was recovered earlier and at a higher frequency in suckers when all leaves were inoculated. Lower Xvm recoveries occurred in the lower corm sections to which most suckers were attached relative to the middle and upper corm sections. Xvm incidence in corms increased with the number of attached maiden suckers, and the dpi while it declined with increasing mother plant and corm height. Thus, Xvm spread within mats is influenced by the amount of inoculum and the physiological stage (e.g., height) of the plant and attached suckers. The position of suckers, predominantly at the bottom of corms also protects them from infection. Measures that reduce Xvm inoculum build-up in mats are thus crucial for minimizing within mat XW spread.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Spread of Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum within banana mats: implications for Xanthomonas wilt management

Ocimati¹,

Tazuba²,

Blomme³

2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The outbreaks of XW underline the need for regular assessments for XW in fields managed with SDSR, whether in the early stages of control or when there is no visible evidence of XW remaining, as small outbreaks are likely to occur at irregular intervals over a period of many months. In addition, Ntamwira et al (2019) reported that timely application of SDSR (immediately after observing first symptom) was more effective for field recovery compared to a delayed application (2 weeks and 4 weeks) or no SDSR application. Timely application of SDSR not only reduces XW inoculum in diseased mats, it also prevents potential infection and/or build-up of Xvm in lateral shoots physically attached to the diseased plant.…”

Section: Effectiveness Of Cdmu and Sdsr For Control Of Xwmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rapid progress in XW is observed when sources of inoculum were not removed in a timely manner, when male buds are left on the plants, and garden tools used for de-leafing, de-budding, de-suckering and other farm operations are not sterilized after use (Blomme et al 2017a, b;Ntamwira et al 2019). So, both time and cost are also associated with the additional XW control operations of early de-budding of the male inflorescence part on healthy plants, and the sterilisation of tools.…”

Section: Impact Of Cdmu and Sdsr On Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing effectiveness, cost- and time-efficiency of control options for Xanthomonas wilt of banana under Rwandan agro-ecological conditions

Blomme

Dusingizimana²,

Ntamwira³

et al. 2021

Eur J Plant Pathol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Xanthomonas wilt of banana (XW) is a major disease affecting banana throughout East and Central Africa (ECA). Initial control was through complete diseased mat uprooting (CDMU), which had limited adoption due to high labour demands and cost. Further research demonstrated single diseased stem removal (SDSR) was an effective, less labour intensive and less costly alternative to CDMU. A comparative assessment of the two control practices was needed to foster uptake by policy makers, especially in countries like Rwanda where SDSR had not been tested or scaled up. To test SDSR in Rwanda, a study was conducted in farmers’ fields comparing the effectiveness, labour cost and time demands of CDMU and SDSR. SDSR was equally effective as CDMU for XW control, with initial XW incidences of 3.0 to 9.4% being reduced to <0.5% within 3 months of using either method. The major benefit of SDSR lies in its significantly lower resource requirements. The total time needed for applying SDSR on a single plant was 88% less, averaging 4.3 min (standard deviation, sd = 0.3) compared to 36.5 min (sd = 4.5) for CDMU on a complete mat. Accordingly, the cost of labour was significantly lower for SDSR. The main cost of CDMU (78% of total cost) arose from the need to replant with healthy banana plantlets. The total cost of SDSR (26 Rwandan Francs [Frw], sd = 2) was 96% lower than that for CDMU (619 Frw, sd = 27). Hence, the incentive to use SDSR for managing XW is very high. These findings will boost SDSR adoption by both policy makers and farmers in ECA.

show abstract

“…Despite the success of control packages e.g., the SDSR package in controlled experiments, adoption level, application intensity and correctness, and success on farms has been variable. Several factors including the timing of application, wrong application and dis-adoption of some elements of the control packages have been observed (Blomme et al, 2019;Ntamwira et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farmer Friendly Options for Sterilizing Farm Tools for the Control of Xanthomonas Wilt Disease of Banana

Ocimati¹,

Tazuba²,

Blomme

2021

Front. Agron.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The adoption of tool sterilization using either 3.5% sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) or fire, a core element of the cultural control packages for Xanthomonas wilt (XW) of banana has been poorly adopted hampering XW control in East and Central Africa. Household bleach is costly and not accessible to the rural poor while repeated heating weakens metal blades of garden tools (machetes, knives, and hoes). Identification of economically viable tool sterilization options is thus crucial for XW management. We explored a range of practices including tool insertion for varying time periods into cold and hot ash, fire and boiling water; tool exposure over varying time periods to the sun while under black or transparent plastic sheets; and washing tools with cold water and laundry soap or detergent. Cleaning with household bleach served as a negative control while uncleaned tools as positive control. Like for household bleach, no Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum (Xvm) the causal agent of XW was recovered from tools washed with cold water and different laundry soaps or detergents. Culturing Xvm in varying detergent and soap concentrations (0.00125–0.035 g/mL), only resulted in growth at lower concentrations of 0.00125 and 0.0025 g/mL. The cleaning effect of soap could thus be due to both an anti-bacterial effect and dislodgment of bacteria from tools. Laundry soaps/detergents are cheaper than household bleach and used for various purposes within and across households, including the resource poor and rural households, hence a cheaper and convenient tool sterilization alternative. Tool insertion into boiling water was effective from the 40th second and thus a viable alternative. Heating tools in fire required up to a minute to clear all bacteria. The currently recommended 20–40 s heating could thus be inadequate. Repeated heating for 1 min may also damage tools. Other practices (washing with cold water only, use of solar radiation, repeatedly and forcefully inserting tools into the soil, tool insertion into hot and cold ash for up to 5 min) only reduced Xvm populations on tools, thus not independently recommended. We recommend expanding the tool sterilization options to include washing with soap/ detergents and tool insertion into boiling water for at least 1 min.

show abstract

Effect of timing of diseased plant cutting, altitude and banana cultivar on efficacy of singly removing Xanthomonas wilt infected banana plants

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Spread of Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum within banana mats: implications for Xanthomonas wilt management

Spread of Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum within banana mats: implications for Xanthomonas wilt management

Comparing effectiveness, cost- and time-efficiency of control options for Xanthomonas wilt of banana under Rwandan agro-ecological conditions

Farmer Friendly Options for Sterilizing Farm Tools for the Control of Xanthomonas Wilt Disease of Banana

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About