Effect of tied ridges on grain yield response of Maize (<i>Zea mays L.</i>) to application of crop residue and residual N and P on two soil types at Alemaya, Ethiopia

Belay, A.; Gebrekidan, Heluf; Uloro, Yohannes

doi:10.1080/02571862.1998.10635130

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Rainfall was often stormy and in season two for example, 75% of the seasonal rainfall was received only in 7 days. Tied-ridge systems have been observed to increase yield over conventional tillage by up to 85% (Nyakatawa et al 1996) but the increase depends on soil type, ridge flow (closed or open) and planting position (in furrow or ridge topas in our case Belay et al 1998). Negative yields under tied ridges have also been reported and were attributed to high rainfall ([700 mm Jensen et al 2003) and water logging (Olufayo et al 1994).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Conservation tillage, local organic resources and nitrogen fertilizer combinations affect maize productivity, soil structure and nutrient balances in semi-arid Kenya

Kihara

Bationo

Mugendi

et al. 2011

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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Smallholder land productivity in drylands can be increased by optimizing locally available resources, through nutrient enhancement and water conservation. In this study, we investigated the effect of tillage system, organic resource and chemical nitrogen fertilizer application on maize productivity in a sandy soil in eastern Kenya over four seasons. The objectives were to (1) determine effects of different tillage-organic resource combinations on soil structure and crop yield, (2) determine optimum organic-inorganic nutrient combinations for arid and semi-arid environments in Kenya and, (3) assess partial nutrient budgets of different soil, water and nutrient management practices using nutrient inflows and outflows. This experiment, initiated in the short rainy season of 2005, was a split plot design with 7 treatments involving combinations of tillage (tiedridges, conventional tillage and no-till) and organic resource (1 t ha -1 manure ? 1 t ha -1 crop residue and; 2 t ha -1 of manure (no crop residue) in the main plots. Chemical nitrogen fertilizer at 0 and 60 kg N ha -1 was used in sub-plots. Although average yield in no-till was by 30-65% lower than in conventional and tied-ridges during the initial two seasons, it achieved 7-40% higher yields than these tillage systems by season four. Combined application of 1 t ha -1 of crop residue and 1 t ha -1 of manure increased maize yield over sole application of manure at 2 t ha -1 by between 17 and 51% depending on the tillage system, for treatments without inorganic N fertilizer. Cumulative nutrients in harvested maize in the four seasons ranged from 77 to 196 kg N ha -1 , 12 to 27 kg P ha -1 and 102 to 191 kg K ha -1 , representing 23 and 62% of applied N in treatments with and without mineral fertilizer N respectively, 10% of applied P and 35% of applied K. Chemical nitrogen fertilizer application increased maize yields by 17-94%; the increases were significant in the first 3 seasons (P \ 0.05). Tillage had significant effect on soil macro-([2 mm) and micro-aggregates fractions (\250 lm [53 lm: P \ 0.05), with aggregation indices following the order no-till [ tied-ridges [ conventional tillage. Also, combining crop residue and manure increased large macro-aggregates by 1.4-4.0 g 100 g -1 soil above manure only treatments. We conclude that even with modest organic resource application, and depending on the number of seasons of use, conservation tillage systems such as tied-ridges and no-till can be effective in improving crop yield, nutrient uptake and soil structure and that farmers are better off applying 1 t ha -1 each of crop residue and manure rather than sole manure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Conservation tillage, local organic resources and nitrogen fertilizer combinations affect maize productivity, soil structure and nutrient balances in semi-arid Kenya

Kihara

Bationo

Mugendi

et al. 2011

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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“…Under MD, optimum yields are obtained under temperature increases of +1.0 • C and changes in precipitation of +30%. Thus, in cases of high temporal rainfall variability, as in our case study site, it is advised that farmers adopt infield rainwater harvesting, such as tied ridges [25,44,45,[53][54][55], since they prolonging soil moisture. Although alternatives like providing irrigation may be effective, not only do these require further investigation regarding cost-benefit advantages, but these also may come with insurmountably high initial investment costs [30,31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Rainfed Pearl Millet Yield Sensitivity to Abiotic Stresses in Semi-Arid Central Tanzania, Eastern Africa

et al. 2019

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Drought and heat-tolerant crops, such as Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), are priority crops for fighting hunger in semi-arid regions. Assessing its performance under future climate scenarios is critical for determining its resilience and sustainability. Field experiments were conducted over two consecutive seasons (2015/2016 and 2016/2017) to determine the yield responses of the crop (pearl millet variety "Okoa") to microdose fertilizer application in a semi-arid region of Tanzania. Data from the experiment were used to calibrate and validate the DSSAT model (CERES Millet). Subsequently, the model evaluated synthetic climate change scenarios for temperature increments and precipitation changes based on historic observations (2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)(2018). Temperature increases of +0.5 to +3.0 • C (from baseline), under non-fertilized (NF) and fertilizer microdose (MD) conditions were used to evaluate nine planting dates of pearl millet from early (5 December) to late planting (25 February), based on increments of 10 days. The planting date with the highest yields was subjected to 49 synthetic scenarios of climate change for temperature increments and precipitation changes (of −30% up to +30% from baseline) to simulate yield responses. Results show that the model reproduced the phenology and yield, indicating a very good performance. Model simulations indicate that temperature increases negatively affected yields for all planting dates under NF and MD. Early and late planting windows were more negatively affected than the normal planting window, implying that temperature increases reduced the length of effective planting window for achieving high yields in both NF and MD. Farmers must adjust their planting timing, while the timely availability of seeds and fertilizer is critical. Precipitation increases had a positive effect on yields under all tested temperature increments, but Okoa cultivar only has steady yield increases up to a maximum of 1.5 • C, beyond which yields decline. This informs the need for further breeding or testing of other cultivars that are more heat tolerant. However, under MD, the temperature increments and precipitation change scenarios are higher than under NF, indicating a high potential of yield improvement under MD, especially with precipitation increases. Further investigation should focus on other cropping strategies such as the use of in-field rainwater harvesting and heat-tolerant cultivars to mitigate the effects of temperature increase and change in precipitation on pearl millet yield.

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“…Other studies found yield discrepancies even at the within-field scale, as some parts of the field may produce more of a crop relative to the rest of the field, indicating microscale interactions between climate, soil, topography, and management [21]. Generally, soils with higher content of swelling clay and silt better retain and release soil moisture; therefore, under adverse limited rainfall conditions, these properties provide a buffer to crop production [37]. Previous studies suggest that the effect of tied ridges is much more pronounced under limited rainfall in high clay content soils than in sandy soils [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Intra and Interseasonal Rainfall Variability and Its Effects on Pearl Millet Yield in a Semiarid Agroclimate: Significance of Scattered Fields and Tied Ridges

Silungwe

Graef

Bellingrath-Kimura

et al. 2019

Water

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Establishing food security in sub-Saharan African countries requires a comprehensive and high resolution understanding of the driving factors of crop production. Poor soil and adverse climate conditions are among the major drivers of poor regional crop production. Drought and rainfall variability challenges are not fully being addressed by rainfed producers in semiarid areas. In this study, we analysed the spatiotemporal rainfall variability (STRV) and its effects on pearl millet yield using two seasons of data collected from 38 rain gauge stations scattered randomly in farm plots within a 1500 ha area of semiarid central Tanzania. The STRV effects on pearl millet yield under flat and tied ridge management were analysed. Our results show that seasonal rainfall can vary significantly for neighboring fields at distances of less than 200 m, which impacts yield. The STRV for daily rainfall was found to be more critical than for total seasonal rainfall amounts. Scattering fields can help farmers avoid total harvest loss by obtaining at least some yield from the areas that received adequate rain. The use of tied ridges is recommended to conserve soil moisture and improve yields more than flat cultivation in semiarid areas.

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Effect of tied ridges on grain yield response of Maize (Zea mays L.) to application of crop residue and residual N and P on two soil types at Alemaya, Ethiopia

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Conservation tillage, local organic resources and nitrogen fertilizer combinations affect maize productivity, soil structure and nutrient balances in semi-arid Kenya

Conservation tillage, local organic resources and nitrogen fertilizer combinations affect maize productivity, soil structure and nutrient balances in semi-arid Kenya

Modelling Rainfed Pearl Millet Yield Sensitivity to Abiotic Stresses in Semi-Arid Central Tanzania, Eastern Africa

Analysis of Intra and Interseasonal Rainfall Variability and Its Effects on Pearl Millet Yield in a Semiarid Agroclimate: Significance of Scattered Fields and Tied Ridges

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