Effect of TiC Nanoparticles Supported by Ti Powders on the Solidification Behavior and Microstructure of Pure Aluminum

Bo, Zhao; Cai, Qizhou; Li, Xinwei; Li, Bing; Cheng, Jingfan

doi:10.1007/s12540-018-0122-7

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…And the evolution of Al n Ti n ( n = 2–12) clusters is also consistent with the experimental phenomenon of grain refinement of Ti‐based grain refiner in Al alloy, Ti reacts with Al in the Al melt and generates TiAl 3 , then TiAl 3 releases Ti atoms into the Al melt to form Ti‐rich region and result in the refining of α(Al). [ 35 ] But the reason for the enrichment of Ti and the adsorption mode of Al in the Al n Ti n ( n = 2–12) clusters are not clear. Therefore, the relative stability and electronic properties should be discussed in the Al n Ti n ( n = 2–12) clusters.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It provides a theoretical evidence that Ti agglomerates in Al melt in the experimental process of preparing Al–Ti alloy and explains the effect of Ti in grain refinement in Al melt. [ 35,38 ] The strong Ti–Ti interaction may be the reason why Ti‐based alloys are easy to aggregate in the Al melt, even in the Al–Ti system with dozens of atoms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For Al atoms, the electrons in 3s orbital decrease from 2 to 1.12-1.67, and the electrons in 3p orbital increase from 1 to 1.16-3.00. For Ti atoms, the electrons in 3d orbital increase from 2 to 2.83-3.28, and the electrons in [35,38] The strong Ti-Ti interaction may be the reason why Ti-based alloys are easy to aggregate in the Al melt, even in the Al-Ti system with dozens of atoms.…”

Section: Electronic Properties Of Al N Ti N (N ¼ 2-12) Clustersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A DFT Study of Al_nTi_n (n = 2–12) Alloy Clusters

Zhao

Chen

Wang

et al. 2022

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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Herein, Al n Ti n (n = 2–12) clusters are studied by density‐functional theory method. The evolution of the geometric structure shows that Ti atoms tend to gather inside the clusters. The analysis of the relative stability and highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO–LUMO) gap show that Al n Ti n (n = 2–12) clusters tend to be stable and the bonding probability increases when n > 8. Nature bond orbitals (NBO) results show that the strong d‐orbital effect between Ti atoms results in the formation of TiTi bonds more easily than AlTi bonds, which leads to the enrichment of Ti atoms inside the Al n Ti n (n = 2–12) clusters. When n ≥ 8, Al atoms that surround the core formed by Ti atoms tend to form stable triangular configuration, which is stable adsorption site for Al atoms. Herein, the grain‐refining effect of TiAl3 grain refiners in Al alloys at the atomic level can be explained.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electronic Properties Of Al N Ti N (N ¼ 2-12) Clustersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A DFT Study of Al_nTi_n (n = 2–12) Alloy Clusters

Zhao

Chen

Wang

et al. 2022

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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“…On the one hand, [La] can improve the wettability of [Ti] and Al and promote the production of Al 3 Ti (II) . Moreover, adding [La] can improve the melt fluidity and increase the possibility of Al contacting [Ti] [36]. On the other hand, [La] will promote Al nucleation, and the latent heat is greater during nucleation.…”

Section: Thermal Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of La2O3 on the Microstructure and Grain Refining Effect of Novel Al-TiO2-C-XLa2O3 Refiners

Liu

Zhang

Yan

et al. 2020

Metals

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New aluminum grain refiners, Al-TiO 2 -C-XLa 2 O 3 refiners, were manufactured by the in situ reaction of Al powder, TiO 2 powder, C powder, and La 2 O 3 powder. The effects of La 2 O 3 on the refiners' microstructure and the grain refining effect of the Al-TiO 2 -C-XLa 2 O 3 refiners on industrial aluminum were studied. The effect of the sintering process was also studied. The results show that the refiners contain Al 3 Ti, TiC, Al 2 O 3 , AlN, and Al 20 Ti 2 La. As the content of La 2 O 3 increases, the amount of Al 20 Ti 2 La also increases. However, the amounts of Al 3 Ti, Al 2 O 3, and TiC decrease. Al 3 Ti is a lath-like compound whose size becomes smaller. The distribution of Al 2 O 3 and TiC, however, is more uniform. The Al-TiO 2 -C-0.2La 2 O 3 refiner has the best grain refining effect on industrial aluminum. The size of the industrial aluminum refined by the Al-TiO 2 -C-0.2La 2 O 3 refiner is 320 µm; the refiner's grain size is 8.4% that of the industrial aluminum without refiners 0 µm (380). After adding the novel Al-TiO 2 -C-0.2La 2 O 3 refiner, the nucleation temperature T N reached 679.21 • C, which is 17 • C above the nucleation temperature of the industrial aluminum without refiners. The primary transformation time is the longest at 25.5 s, which is 4.6 s higher than that of industrial aluminum (20.9 s). Furthermore, the ∆T of the aluminum is 0.5 • C, which is the lowest value.Many researchers have refined aluminum alloys by adding rare earth (RE) [17,18]. Zhang et al. discovered that a Al-Ti-C-Ce master alloy can refine industrial aluminum effectively [19]. Shi et al. proved that erbium (Er) can refine Al-Si-Mg alloys [20]. However, studies on RE oxides have mostly focused on the preparation of catalysts and glasses [21,22], but the application of RE oxides in the synthesis of Al-TiO 2 -C grain refiners has been less researched.Computer-aided cooling curve analysis (CA-CCA) is often used to characterize the solidification parameters of metals during solidification. Due to its ease of use and low cost, it is the most popular thermal analysis technique [23][24][25]. Farahany et al. used CA-CCA to study the grain refining effect of Sb, Bi, and other elements on Al-Si alloys [26]. Osvaldo et al. studied the solidification process of Al-Cu alloy by CA-CCA [27]. In this paper, novel Al-TiO 2 -C-XLa 2 O 3 refiners were prepared via an in-situ reaction (where X is the weight fraction of La 2 O 3 , equal to 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4, as used in this study). The influence of La 2 O 3 on the microstructures of refiners was analyzed. Then, adding different refiners to industrial aluminum, the grain refining effect of refiners on industrial aluminum was studied by CA-CCA. The influence of La 2 O 3 in the sintering process is also discussed. Materials and MethodsIn this experiment, La 2 O 3 powder (purity 99.9%, particle size 5 µm, Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths, Baotou, China), Al powder (purity 99.9%, particle size 40-50 µm, Beijing General Research Institute of Nonferrous Metals, Beijing, China),...

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“…Effect of compound treatment of rotating magnetic field and Al-5Ti-1B refiner on microstructure and properties of Al-5Cu alloy refiners, including nano-Al 2 O 3 , nano-TiC, and nano-TiN, have been developed [12][13][14] . The physical method is mainly based on the effects of mechanical vibration or electric fields, such as ultrasonic and electromagnetic vibrations, on the alloy melt to increase the quantity of crystal nuclei, and therefore, to achieve grain refinement [15][16][17] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of compound treatment of rotating magnetic field and Al-5Ti-1B refiner on microstructure and properties of Al-5Cu alloy

Wang

Kang

2023

China Foundry

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Al-Cu casting alloys have high strength, good machinability, and excellent heat resistance [1][2][3] . However, Al-Cu alloys usually contain coarse α-Al dendrites and inhomogeneous Al 2 Cu phases, resulting in poor mechanical properties [4,5] . Thus, grain refinement treatments are usually required to improve their microstructure and properties [6][7][8] . Chemical and physical methods are the main grain refining methods for Al alloys. The chemical refinement method, i.e., adding refiners into the alloy, is considered the most effective and practical in the Al processing industry owing to its advantages of fast refinement, convenient operation, and strong adaptability.

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Effect of TiC Nanoparticles Supported by Ti Powders on the Solidification Behavior and Microstructure of Pure Aluminum

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

A DFT Study of Al_nTi_n (n = 2–12) Alloy Clusters

A DFT Study of Al_nTi_n (n = 2–12) Alloy Clusters

Effect of La2O3 on the Microstructure and Grain Refining Effect of Novel Al-TiO2-C-XLa2O3 Refiners

Effect of compound treatment of rotating magnetic field and Al-5Ti-1B refiner on microstructure and properties of Al-5Cu alloy

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Effect of TiC Nanoparticles Supported by Ti Powders on the Solidification Behavior and Microstructure of Pure Aluminum

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

A DFT Study of AlnTin (n = 2–12) Alloy Clusters

A DFT Study of AlnTin (n = 2–12) Alloy Clusters

Effect of La2O3 on the Microstructure and Grain Refining Effect of Novel Al-TiO2-C-XLa2O3 Refiners

Effect of compound treatment of rotating magnetic field and Al-5Ti-1B refiner on microstructure and properties of Al-5Cu alloy

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A DFT Study of Al_nTi_n (n = 2–12) Alloy Clusters

A DFT Study of Al_nTi_n (n = 2–12) Alloy Clusters