Effect of Ti ion doping on electrochemical performance of Ni-rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode material

Feasible synthesis of NCM811 cathodes with controllable Li/Ni cationic mixing for enhanced electrochemical performance via a nano grinding assisted solid‐state approach

“…The initial specific capacity is 173mAh/g for rNCM‐800, 178mAh/g for pNCM‐750, 203mAh/g for pNCM‐800 and 195mAh/g for pNCM‐850, respectively. A recent study on the NCM811 cathode material by Dengke Zhang et al, showed a specific capacity of 195 mAh/g at a current density of 0.1C, 47 while the similar results in our approach is 203mAh/g. This difference may be caused by the degree of Li/Ni mixing within the synthesized samples.…”

“…A high I(003)/I(004) ratio usually means a low Li/Ni mixing and good electrochemical performance. In addition, when the ratio of I(003)/I(104) > 1.2, it indicates that the cationic mixing is effectively suppressed 47 . In our case, the I(003)/I(104) ratios is 0.93, 1.25 and 1.04 for the 4 MPa press‐treated samples with the temperature increasing from 750°C to 850°C, showing the influence of sintering temperature on the Li/Ni disordering.…”

NCA, NCM811, and the Route to Ni-Richer Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…Thus modified, this cathode material delivered a capacity of 164.7 mAh g −1 at 10 C and 83.2% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 1 C between 2.8 and 4.5 V. Cr 3+ plays a similar role, since its ionic radius is also similar to that of Ni 2+ , provided that the Cr-concentration remains small enough to avoid the formation of Cr 6+ on Li-sites [232]. Zhang et al [233] reported the effect of Ti doping (0.005 mol) on the structural and electrochemical properties of NCM811 prepared by ball-milling technique (particle size of 200-300 nm after 1 h milling). XRD and XPS analyses indicated that the Ti 4+ ions partly substituted the interlayer Li sites and the intralayer Co 3+ and Mn 4+ positions to retain charge balance in doped NCM material.…”

The role of metal substitutions in the development of Li batteries, part I: cathodes

“…Alternatively, the material can be produced through a purely solid-state reaction wherein metal oxides or hydroxides (including Li) are mixed in the desired stoichiometric ratio using a mortar and pestle or milling before being heated to the desired temperature to yield the final product. 188,189 However, this tends to give a less homogeneous product and requires much longer sintering times in order to reach the equilibrium layered phase. 190 Given that the industrial norm is to use co-precipitation, this is the synthesis route of choice for studies of substitutions into NMC or NCA.…”