Effect of Ti additions on the electrical resistivity of copper

Nagarjuna, S.; Kandasubramanian, Balasubramanian; Sarma, D. S.

doi:10.1016/s0921-5093(96)10578-5

Cited by 90 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…As the titanium significantly reduces the electrical conductivity of copper [3], the formation of Cu 4 Ti consumes the titanium in matrix and causes to reduce the electrical resistivity. In other words, the increasing in resistivity due to the increasing volume fraction of Cu 4 Ti precipitate is lower than the decrease in resistivity due to removal of Ti from the matrix [6], therefore resulting in an overall increase in electrical conductivity in peak-aged composite compared with the solution treated one. As shown in this table, the electrical conductivity of the composite at peak aged condition is 65% higher than those of the binary Cu-2 wt.% Ti alloy.…”

Section: Bs-sem Micrograph Inmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Hence, the scattering surface of conductive electrons due to formation of Cu 4 Ti precipitates in composite did not much rise during ageing process in comparison to binary alloy. Consequently the electrical conductivity of composite increases more than binary alloy during the ageing according to Nordheim's rule [6,3]. Table.1.…”

Section: Bs-sem Micrograph Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6.6µ cm) [24] is lower than Cu 4 Ti (i.e. 38.5 µ cm) [6] precipitate, it can be concluded that the detrimental effect of TiB 2 particles on electrical conductivity of copper is lower than Cu 4 Ti precipitates. On the other hand, as mentioned previously, the amount of Cu 4 Ti precipitate, which is formed in peak-aged condition of the composite, is lower than that of binary alloy.…”

Section: Bs-sem Micrograph Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…45wt%Ti alloy. On the other hand, it has been reported [6] that by increasing Ti content the electrical conductivity of copper matrix decreases dramatically, as the negative effect of Ti on electrical properties of copper alloys is more than that of other common alloying elements such as Zn, Sn, Ni. Therefore, in order to overcome this problem, some efforts have been made for modifying the precipitation behavior of CuTi alloys via addition of other elements such as Co and Cr [7,8] or by aging in D 2 and H 2 atmosphere [1,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of in situ formation of TiB2 particles on age hardening behavior of Cu–1wt% Ti–1wt% TiB2

Sobhani

Mirhabibi

Arabi

et al. 2013

Materials Science and Engineering: A

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Age hardenable Cu-1wt. % Ti-1wt. % TiB 2 composite was produced by adding boron powder to CuTi melt. TiB 2 nano particles formed via in situ reaction in the melt. This composite was aged in the temperature range 300-550 ºC for 1-25 hrs. The age hardening behavior of composite then compared with that of binary Cu-2 wt. % Ti alloy. The microstructure of the composite was examined with highresolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). The results of this study showed that TiB 2 particles can act as heterogeneous nucleation site for '(Cu 4 Ti) precipitates. Substantial increase in tensile and yield stress of composite (i.e. 63% and 186%) occurred relative to the solution state, after ageing at 450 ºC for 10hrs. The maximum strength was associated with precipitation of metastable Cu 4 Ti near to the ultra hard TiB 2 particles within the matrix. However the mechanical properties of composite are comparable with Cu-2 wt. % Ti alloy , the maximum value of the hardness and electrical conductivity of composite (28 %IACS , 258 HV) and Cu-2 wt. % Ti (17% IACS , 264 HV) are obtained when solution treated samples were aged at 450 ºC for 10 hrs and 15hrs, respectively.

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Section: Bs-sem Micrograph Inmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Bs-sem Micrograph Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bs-sem Micrograph Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of in situ formation of TiB2 particles on age hardening behavior of Cu–1wt% Ti–1wt% TiB2

Sobhani

Mirhabibi

Arabi

et al. 2013

Materials Science and Engineering: A

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“…Cu-Ti alloys that are susceptible to age hardening can be a possible substitute for the expensive and toxic age hardened Cu-Be alloys since they have good thermal stability and high temperature strength [1][2][3]. However, Ti as a partial solute element can reduce electrical conductivity of copper in case that more than 1 wt.% of this element is added to its chemical content [4]. It has been reported that, by increasing Ti content, electrical conductivity of copper matrix decreases dramatically as negative effect of Ti on electrical properties of copper alloys is more than that of other common alloying elements such as Zn, Sn and Ni.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural evolution of copper–titanium alloy during in-situ formation of TiB2 particles

Sobhani

Arabi

Mirhabibi

et al. 2013

Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China

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Bulk Cu-Ti alloy reinforced by TiB 2 nano particles was prepared using in-situ reaction between Cu-3.4wt.% Ti and Cu-0.7wt.% B along with rapid solidification and subsequent heat treatment for 1-10 hrs at 900ºC. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) characterization showed that primary TiB 2 nano particles and TiB whiskers were formed by in-situ reaction between Ti and B in the liquid copper. Formation of TiB whiskers within the melt led to coarsening of TiB 2 particles. Primary TiB 2 particles were dispersed along the grain boundaries and hindered grain growth at high temperature while the secondary TiB 2 particles were formed during heat treatment of the alloy by diffusion reaction of solute titanium and boron inside the grains. Electrical conductivity and hardness of composite were evaluated during heat treatment. The results indicated that formation of secondary TiB 2 particles in the matrix caused a delay in hardness reduction at high temperature. The electrical conductivity increased along with hardness up to 8 hrs of heat treatment and reached 33.5% IACS and 158 HV, respectively.

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Dissolution‐Precipitation Mechanism of Laser Igniting Self‐Propagating High‐Temperature Synthesis of Al/TiC Composite

Wang

et al. 2007

Adv Eng Mater

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Titanium carbide, because of its high modulus, high hardness and high melting temperature, is an attractive compound for use as a reinforcing phase in metallic matrices. [1][2][3][4] Amongst the disadvantages are, however, poor mechanical and wear properties which can lead to premature failure of components in service. Alloying can improve these properties but the high elemental additions required significantly decrease the conductivity. [5] Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), developed by Merzhanov and Borovinskaya [6] in the late 1960s, is a new kind of method to produce materials. It has been extensively employed for the production of ceramics, [7][8][9] ceramic matrix composites, [10] etc. It has many attractive advantages, such as high purity of products, low processing cost, and energy and time efficiency, no hightemperature furnace process, non-polluting traits, etc. Applying this method, An even dispersion of particulate TiC in an aluminum matrix can be obtained by the SHS reaction between titanium, aluminum and carbon. Thus, many researchers [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] have been exerted toward studying the SHS of TiC/Al composites in recent years, According to the literature, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] it can be seen that the combustion-synthesized products of Ti-C-Al system are TiC and Al, during the reaction, there is Ti-Al alloy existing, but the kinds of Ti-Al alloy that they got are different. More detailed experimental observation and a description of the microstructural evolution are still lacking. Therefore, it is necessary to observe more carefully the microstructural evolution and to study further the mechanism of TiC-Al combustion synthesis.The purpose of the present study is to investigate the process of microstructural evolution during Laser igniting selfpropagating high-temperature synthesis of Al/TiC composite from Ti, Al, and C powder mixtures to get a better understanding of the mechanism of the combustion synthesis of Al/TiC composite by combustion front self-extinguished method. On the basis of these experimental results, a mechanism of the combustion synthesis was proposed, and a model corresponding to the mechanism was discussed. ExperimentalCommercial powders of aluminum (98.0 % purity, 29 lm), titanium (99.5 % purity,15 lm ) and graphite (99.9 % purity, 38 lm) were used for experiments in an atomic ratio of C:Ti=1:1 with 40 wt. % Al. First, the powders were mixed by dry milling with steel balls for 2 h and the blends were pressed into compacted samples. The length of the compact COMMUNICATIONS ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2007, 9, No. 8 Fig. 1. Scheme of combustion synthesis by the LISHS.Fig. 2. XRD pattern of the different combustion zone. (a) Initial reactants zone; (b) Reacting zone; (c) Product zone.

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Effect of Ti additions on the electrical resistivity of copper

Cited by 90 publications

References 5 publications

Effects of in situ formation of TiB2 particles on age hardening behavior of Cu–1wt% Ti–1wt% TiB2

Effects of in situ formation of TiB2 particles on age hardening behavior of Cu–1wt% Ti–1wt% TiB2

Microstructural evolution of copper–titanium alloy during in-situ formation of TiB2 particles

Dissolution‐Precipitation Mechanism of Laser Igniting Self‐Propagating High‐Temperature Synthesis of Al/TiC Composite

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