Effect of thymosin peptides on the chick chorioallantoic membrane angiogenesis model

Koutrafouri, Vassiliki; Leondiadis, Leondios; Avgoustakis, Konstantinos; Livaniou, Evangelia; Czarnecki, J; Ithakissios, Dionyssis S.; Evangelatos, Gregory P.

doi:10.1016/s0304-4165(01)00200-8

Cited by 79 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Mediators of lymph node metastasis in several types of cancer include VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGF-A, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) (42,43,(47)(48)(49). It is well known that increase of Tß4 is involved in angiogenesis and induces VEGF production (26). However, the specific isoforms of VEGF affected by Tß4 stimulation is still unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thymosin ß4 (Tß4) is a small protein that is normally composed of 43-amino acids and is the most abundant member of the ß-thymosins, which are linked to a number of important biological actions, including actin polymerization, angiogenesis, wound healing, inflammation and signaling through the Akt pathway (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32). Recent studies have shown that Tß4 is frequently overexpressed in malignant tumors and increases tumor growth, metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) (33)(34)(35).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Thymosin β4 expression correlates with lymph node metastasis through hypoxia inducible factor-α induction in breast cancer

Cho¹

2010

Oncol Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Intratumoral hypoxia has been correlated with distant metastatic potential. Two hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs), HIF-1· and HIF-2·, are induced by hypoxia, and high expression of these proteins has been correlated to angiogenesis and distant metastasis. Thymosin ß4 (Tß4) is frequently highly expressed in cancer, and this overexpression correlates with malignant progression. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical correlation of HIF-· with Tß4 and the intracellular functional roles of Tß4 on HIF-· activation. We examined HIF-1·, HIF-2· and Tß4 expressions in clinical human breast carcinoma (n=70) by immunohistochemistry. We show that high expression of HIF-1· and HIF-2· strongly correlates with Tß4 expression (P≤0.0001) and overexpression of Tß4 correlates significantly with patients with lymph node metastasis (P<0.05) of human breast cancer. Additionally, we demonstrate that hypoxia up-regulates intracellular Tß4 protein, which then affects HIF-· activity, which is the key in regulating VEGF expression. We confirmed that hypoxia-induced intracellular Tß4 and HIF-· activities were reduced by interference of Tß4 expression using Tß4 shRNA lentivirus. Vascular epidermal growth factor (VEGF)-A, a well-recognized lymphangiogenic cytokine, was also downregulated, but VEGF-C and VEGF-D expressions were not affected. These findings suggest that the overexpression of Tß4 is strongly associated with HIF-1· and HIF-2· expression and is also clinicopathologically involved with lymph node metastatic potential of breast cancer through the modulation of HIF-· activation and induction of VEGF-A. Ultimately, these results highlight Tß4 as a potentially therapeutic target in malignant cancers.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymosin β4 expression correlates with lymph node metastasis through hypoxia inducible factor-α induction in breast cancer

Cho¹

2010

Oncol Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In spite of this, the activation and subtype switch of T lymphocytes alone might not be sufficient to completely explain the overall protective effects of TF5 or T·-1. Apparently, the actual mechanisms involved might be much more complicated and might include mechanisms involved in angiogenesis (21,22), wound healing (21) and oxidative defense.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraperitoneal co-administration of thymosin α-1 ameliorates streptozotocin-induced pancreatic lesions and diabetes in C57BL/6 mice

Qiu

Zhang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2009

Int J Mol Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract.We investigated the effects of the in vivo administration of thymosin ·-1 (T·-1) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced pancreatic lesions and diabetes. Mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups: normoglycemic control, STZ-treated, STZ plus 0.1 μg/kg body weight/day T·-1-treated, and STZ plus 1 μg/kg/day T·-1-treated. Blood glucose was assayed periodically, and serum insulin was determined at the end of the experiment using the ELISA Kit. Aldehyde fuchsin staining was used for histopathological examination of the pancreas. Parameters for oxidative stress were measured with pancreatic malondialdehyde (MDA) level, glutathione (GSH) content and enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Fourteen days after the initiation of T·-1 treatment and up to day 35 when the treatment was stopped, both of the two STZ and T·-1-co-treated mouse groups had significant lower levels of blood glucose than the STZ-treated but T·-1-untreated mice, although both remained higher than that of the normoglycemic controls. At the end of the T·-1 treatment, the serum insulin level for STZ-treated mice receiving 1 μg/ kg/day T·-1 for 35 days was 2-fold (P<0.001) as much as that of the T·-1-untreated STZ-diabetic mice, although not completely restored to the normal level. Pancreatic aldehyde fuchsin staining showed that STZ treatment caused significant pancreatitis, islet atrophy, and a significant reduction in the number of pancreatic ß cells. These histological lesions, however, were significantly alleviated by 1 μg/kg/day T·-1 treatment for 35 days. Furthermore, compared with the T·-1-untreated STZ-diabetic mice, the pancreatic GSH level of the 1 μg/kg/day T·-1-treated STZ-induced mice was 1.92-fold that of the untreated STZ-induced mice (P<0.01), whereas the pancreatic MDA level was only 81.9% that of the untreated STZ-diabetic mice (P<0.05). Together these results demonstrate that co-administration of T·-1 leads to significant protection against STZ-induced pancreatic damage and diabetes, and part of the protection might be achieved through enhancing pancreatic antioxidative capability.

show abstract

“…It was demonstrated that Tβ4, Tβ15, thymosin α1 and α prothymosin accelerated angiogenesis, but Tβ10, Tβ9 and parathymosin α, which differ from Tβ4 by 10 amino acids (outside actin-binding motif), significantly inhibited this process [38].…”

Section: Participation Of Tβ4 In Angiogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymosin β as an Actin-binding Protein with a Variety of Functions

Kuzan

2016

Adv Clin Exp Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Effect of thymosin peptides on the chick chorioallantoic membrane angiogenesis model

Cited by 79 publications

References 37 publications

Thymosin β4 expression correlates with lymph node metastasis through hypoxia inducible factor-α induction in breast cancer

Thymosin β4 expression correlates with lymph node metastasis through hypoxia inducible factor-α induction in breast cancer

Intraperitoneal co-administration of thymosin α-1 ameliorates streptozotocin-induced pancreatic lesions and diabetes in C57BL/6 mice

Thymosin β as an Actin-binding Protein with a Variety of Functions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About