Effect of three diets on the gametogenic development and fatty acid profile of Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) gonads

Abstract

In this study, the effects of three diets were investigated to enhance Paracentrotus lividus production for commercial purposes. P. lividus were fed ad libitum for 80 days with: diet A—fresh Codium tomentosum Stackhouse, 1797; diet B—formulated using a jellified mix of macroalgae and vegetables, including C. tomentosum (20%), Coralina sp. Linnaeus, 1758 (17%), cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitata Linnaeus, 1753 (30%), carrot Daucus carota Linnaeus, 1753 (30%) and agar (3%) as a gelling agent. Diet C consisted of maize Zea mays Linnaeus, 1753 (56%) and New Zealand spinach Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pallas, 1781) Kuntze, 1891 (44%). Their effects on the gonadal and somatic growths, gonadosomatic index (GI) and gametogenesis were evaluated, as well as on the total lipid content and fatty acid composition of sea urchin's gonads. Diet A provided high values of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Gonads of sea urchins fed with diet A were found mostly in growth and maturation stages of gametogenesis and showed the lowest lipid content. Sea urchins fed with diet B presented their gonads in the reabsorption stage and had the highest values of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Sea urchins fed with diet C were in the early stages of gametogenesis and had the highest values of lipid content, plus omega‐6 PUFAs. Once as an ingredient in a balanced mix with vegetables, C. tomentosum can be a key factor to the development of new promising high‐quality and low‐cost feed for P. lividus roe enhancement.

Trophic Requirements of the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus Varies at Different Life Stages: Comprehension of Species Ecology and Implications for Effective Feeding Formulations

“…Indeed, in adults, contrary to what is observed in sub-adults, D-0 showed similar GI values to those achieved with D-40, evidencing that adult sea urchins need a lower animal supply than in the previous life stages. Raposo et al (2019) obtained comparable GI to ours in D-0, by feeding sea urchins with maize and spinach. However, adopting the same diet, Sartori and Gaion (2016) achieved a higher value after a four-month experiment in RAS.…”

“…Vegetable and animal ingredients mixed in a formulated diet can, in fact, maximize sea urchin growth performance, reducing time for the production of high-quality marketable gonads (Vizzini et al, 2019). To date, several attempts have been made to obtain a good market product using a balanced mix of vegetable and animal sources, as alternative diets to traditional ones (Vizzini et al, 2015;Sartori and Gaion, 2016;Cirino et al, 2017;Fabbrocini et al, 2019;Raposo et al, 2019;Zupo et al, 2019;Ciriminna et al, 2020;Santos et al, 2020b;Ciriminna et al, 2021;Lourenco et al, 2021). However, as far as we know, only Fernandez and Boudouresque (2000) focused on a comparative investigation of the dietary requirements of the sea urchin during different life stages.…”

The effect of a formulated feed on the body growth and gonads quality of purple sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) aquaculture produced

“…In Raposo et.al. 43 DHA values in the gonads of sea urchins were much lower than those recorded in the present work, reflecting well the FA profile of the food tested. In any of the diets tested by Raposo et.al.…”

“…Raposo et.al. 43 also found a close relationship between food and the gonads development. In this author's work, it was found that sea urchins fed with a maize and spinach-based diet, richer in lipids, had gonadosomatic indices significantly higher than natural (macroalgae) or semi-natural (macroalgae and vegetables) diets, with a lower lipid content.…”

Research on Sports Balanced Development Evaluation System Based on Edge Computing and Balanced Game

“…ey think that physical education is a supplementary lesson, supporting roles, and nothing more than running, voting, and jumping in the stadium, so it is better to sit down and read more books [16]. It is important to teach culture lessons well; some students are addicted to the network for a long time, and they are averse to taking part in sports activities; some students are afraid of being dirty and tired, they are not interested in many teaching contents and have not formed the correct concept of sports [17].…”