Effect of Thermal Treatment on the Structure of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes

Behler, Kristopher; Osswald, Sebastian; Ye, H.; Dimovski, Svetlana; Gogotsi, Yury

doi:10.1007/s11051-006-9113-6

Cited by 206 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Wehreas, the G'-peak describes the three-dimensional order of the graphitic sp 2 layers [25]. Behler et al (2006) interpreted the shift of the G peak to ~1581 cm -1 during the graphitization process with the increasing graphitic arrangement of the carbon lattices in MWCNTs, which correlates with the theoretical position in graphite [28]. This shift from ~1585 cm -1 to ~1581cm -1 of the G-peak also occurs during the thermal treatment in the here presented carbon foam.…”

Section: Analysis Methodssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Furthermore, the ratio of G-band to D´-band decrease with increasing temperatures, which indicates a reduction of lattices defectes in the carbon layers. Besides, the splitting of the G-band into the D´-band, as already detected in other high temperature annealing processes by several groups [28,29]. This splitting is based on a transformation into a graphitic structure and the formation of defects in the formed sp 2 layers.…”

Section: Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…As a result, the carbon structure has a high order in the formation of the graphitic layers and the healing process is completed. Contrary, several groups has been observed for CNTs a continuous reduction of the D/G ratio with increasing of the treatment temperature [26,28,29]. For the determination of the crystalline width L a , Knight and White developed the following empirical equation (3) [36].…”

Section: Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, several groups showed that a temperature treatment of carbon structures results in a reorientation of the graphitic layers. Raman spectroscopy is an effective technique of measuring this structural change [25,26,28,29]. However, there are no comprehensive studies on the graphitization process and the influence of temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural improvement of a bio-inspired 3D globular carbon foam by a continuously thermal treatment: A comprehensive study

Marx¹,

Beisch²,

Garlof³

et al. 2017

Adv Mater Sci

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The manufacturing of a 3D interconnected globular carbon foam, called Globugraphite, is based on the replication of the zinc oxide (ZnO) template morphology by carbon with simultaneous removing of the template material in the chemical vapour deposition (CVD -replica CVD (rCVD)) process. The growth mechanism of the presented carbon foam affected the formation of defects at the atomic level which leads in the following to graphitic pieces instead of layers. This substructure influences properties, such as electrical conductivity of the carbon foam negatively. By undergoing a temperature treatment at 1600°C, 1800°C, 2000°C and 2200°C in a protective gas atmosphere the carbon structure heals at the atomic level. The connection of the sp 2 /sp 3 graphitic pieces to graphitic sp 2 layers due to the thermal annealing is analysed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation and Raman spectroscopy. Based on these analysis methods a model of the graphitization progress is created which explains the clearly increase of the electrical conductivity and the oxidation temperature.

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Section: Analysis Methodssupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Structural improvement of a bio-inspired 3D globular carbon foam by a continuously thermal treatment: A comprehensive study

Marx¹,

Beisch²,

Garlof³

et al. 2017

Adv Mater Sci

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“…D, G and G , is very similar to the spectrum of pristine carbon nanotubes, which should be related to the improved quality of the material as a result of interaction of high temperature (over 800 • C) [24] accompanying the process of nanotube decoration with rhodium nanoparticles in a CVD furnace.…”

Section: Spectroscope Researchmentioning

confidence: 67%

The MWCNTs-Rh Nanocomposite Obtained By The New High-Temperature Method

Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz¹,

Cichocki²,

Łukowiec³

2015

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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A nanocomposite was fabricated during the research undertaken, consisting of multiwalled carbon nanotubes coated with rhodium nanoparticles by the new high-temperature method being the subject of the patent claim. High quality multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with the length of 100÷500 nm and the diameter of 8÷20 nm obtained in advance with Catalytic Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) were employed in the investigations. The nanotubes manufactured under the own research contain small amounts of metallic impurities and amorphous carbon deposits. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes functionalisation in acids was applied to deposit rhodium nanoparticles onto the surface of carbon nanotubes, and then the material was placed in a solution being a precursor of rhodium nanoparticles. The material prepared was next placed in a quartz vessel and subjected to high-temperature reduction in the atmosphere of argon to deposit rhodium nanoparticles onto the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The following examinations were performed, respectively: MWCNTs fabrication, fabrication of a CNT-NPs (Carbon NanoTube-NanoParticles) nanocomposite material; the characterisation of the materials produced including examination of the structure and morphology, and the assessment of rhodium nanoparticles distribution on the surface of carbon nanotubes. Microand spectroscopy techniques were employed to characterise the structure of the nanocomposites obtained.Keywords: carbon nanotubes, nanocomposite materials, rhodium nanoparticles, transmission electron microscopy W ramach wykonanych badań wytworzono nanokompozyt składający się z wielościennych nanorurek węglowych pokrytych nanocząsteczkami rodu nową wysokotemperaturową metodą, będącą przedmiotem zgłoszenia patentowego. W badaniach wykorzystano wysokiej jakości wielościenne nanorurki węglowe MWCNTs o długości 100÷500 nm i średnicy 8÷20 nm uprzednio otrzymane w procesie katalityczno-chemicznego osadzania z fazy gazowej (CCVD). Wytworzone w ramach prac własnych nanorurki zawierają nieznaczne ilości zanieczyszczeń metalicznych i amorficznych depozytów węglowych. W celu osadzenia nanocząsteczek rodu na powierzchni nanorurek węglowych zastosowano funkcjonalizację wielościennych nanorurek węglowych w kwasach, następnie materiał umieszczono w roztworze będącym prekursorem nanocząsteczek rodu. Przygotowany materiał umieszczono w dalszej kolejności w kwarcowym naczyniu i poddano redukcji wysokotemperaturowej w atmosferze argonu w celu osadzenia nanocząsteczek rodu na powierzchni wielościennych nanorurek węglowych. Wykonane badania obejmują kolejno: wytworzenie MWCNTs, wytworzenie materiału nanokompozytowego typu nanorurki węglowe -nanocząsteczki (CNT-NPs), scharakteryzowanie wytworzonego materiału obejmujące badanie jego struktury i morfologii oraz ocenę rozmieszczenia nanocząsteczek rodu na powierzchni nanorurek węglowych. Dla scharakteryzowania struktury otrzymanych nanokompozytów zastosowano techniki mikro-i spektroskopowe.

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