Effect of thermal stress on the immune responses of Chilo suppressalis walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) to Beauveria bassiana

Shamakhi, Leila; Zibaee, Arash; Karimi-Malati, Azadeh; Hoda, Hassan

doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.07.006

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Toxicity of microbial insecticides has been reported to be influenced by temperature, not only due to the existence of an optimal temperature for efficacy and development of the microorganisms (which is generally greater at higher temperatures) 59,[62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71] but also due to the effect that temperature changes may have on the insect's physiology and immune responses. 71,72 Temperature can have a crucial role in the magnitude of humoral and cellular immune responses, the effects being dependent on the immune measure. 73 For example, Aedes larvae exposed to a range of temperatures presented a phenoloxidase activity peak at 30 ∘ C, whereas phagocytosis was more effective at 18 ∘ C. 73 It is clear that more research is needed to address the effects that temperature increase and variation might have on these immune responses to better evaluate the toxicity of bioinsecticides toward non-target insect species from tropical and temperate regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This shows that C. xanthus is extremely sensitive to B. bassiana Bb‐based insecticides, but it is important to note that these data reported from the literature were obtained in exposures to the fungal species itself and not a commercial pesticide and under higher temperatures (25–28 °C). Toxicity of microbial insecticides has been reported to be influenced by temperature, not only due to the existence of an optimal temperature for efficacy and development of the microorganisms (which is generally greater at higher temperatures) but also due to the effect that temperature changes may have on the insect's physiology and immune responses . Temperature can have a crucial role in the magnitude of humoral and cellular immune responses, the effects being dependent on the immune measure .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity of microbial insecticides toward the non‐target freshwater insect Chironomus xanthus

Dornelas

Sarmento

Silva

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Commercial formulations based on Bacillus thuringiensis subs. kurstaki (Btk) and Beauveria bassiana (Bb) are commonly used microbial insecticides in Brazil and other tropical regions. However, and despite being considered environmentally friendly, their use generates concerns regarding possible adverse ecological effects in freshwater ecosystems. Here, we evaluate the effects of these bioinsecticides on the tropical aquatic dipteran Chironomus xanthus under laboratory conditions. RESULTS After laboratory exposures to these compounds 48‐h median lethal concentration (LC50) values of 1534 μg a.i./L for Btk and of 6.35 μg a.i./L for Bb were estimated. Chronic assays revealed different sublethal effects: Btk‐based bioinsecticide exposure reduced C. xanthus growth [lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) was 126 μg a.i./L for head width], decreased emergence rate (LOEC = 8 μg a.i./L) and increased immunological response (LOEC = 50 μg a.i./L) measured as total hemocyte count in larvae hemolymph. Exposure to low concentrations of Bb‐based insecticide also reduced C. xanthus growth (LOEC = 0.07 μg a.i./L for larvae body length measurements), and emergence rate (LOEC = 0.28 μg a.i./L), despite no clear effects on the total hemocyte counts. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that low concentrations of Btk and Bb bioinsecticides are toxic to C. xanthus. Given their widespread use and occurrence in tropical freshwater systems, research is needed to evaluate the potential effects of these compounds concerning natural freshwater insect communities and ecosystem functioning. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of microbial insecticides toward the non‐target freshwater insect Chironomus xanthus

Dornelas

Sarmento

Silva

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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“…In contrast, many bacteria that are associated with terrestrial insects exhibit more active growth between 28–37 °C [ 16 , 17 ]. In many cases, host cellular and humoral antifungal reactions and resistance to fungi are increased with a short or prolonged elevation of temperature [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]; however, cold stresses may also activate antifungal systems [ 18 ]. Insect antibacterial responses are also dependent on environmental temperatures [ 25 , 26 , 27 ] and elevated temperature often promotes bacterial infection [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay between Fungal Infection and Bacterial Associates in the Wax Moth Galleria mellonella under Different Temperature Conditions

Kryukov

Kosman

Tomilova

et al. 2020

JoF

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Various insect bacterial associates are involved in pathogeneses caused by entomopathogenic fungi. The outcome of infection (fungal growth or decomposition) may depend on environmental factors such as temperature. The aim of this study was to analyze the bacterial communities and immune response of Galleria mellonella larvae injected with Cordyceps militaris and incubated at 15 °C and 25 °C. We examined changes in the bacterial CFUs, bacterial communities (Illumina MiSeq 16S rRNA gene sequencing) and expression of immune, apoptosis, ROS and stress-related genes (qPCR) in larval tissues in response to fungal infection at the mentioned temperatures. Increased survival of larvae after C. militaris injection was observed at 25 °C, although more frequent episodes of spontaneous bacteriosis were observed at this temperature compared to 15 °C. We revealed an increase in the abundance of enterococci and enterobacteria in the midgut and hemolymph in response to infection at 25 °C, which was not observed at 15 °C. Antifungal peptide genes showed the highest expression at 25 °C, while antibacterial peptides and inhibitor of apoptosis genes were strongly expressed at 15 °C. Cultivable bacteria significantly suppressed the growth of C. militaris. We suggest that fungi such as C. militaris may need low temperatures to avoid competition with host bacterial associates.

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“…The newly hatched larvae were transferred to the tubes (20 × 15 cm) supplied by rice seedlings of Hashemi variety. Quality of food was monitored every day, and the old cutting stems were replaced by the fresh ones [ 42 ]. Rearing was continued for three generations at the same controlled conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening and Virulence of the Entomopathogenic Fungi Associated with Chilo suppressalis Walker

Shahriari

Zibaee

Khodaparast

et al. 2021

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The current study aimed to explore the entomopathogenic fungi associated with the larvae of Chilo suppressalis Walker, a serious pest of rice, in northern Iran. The collected specimens were cultured and identified through morphological and molecular methods. The 38 specimens were identified by microscopic examination and genetic sequencing of the ITS region as follows: twenty-one isolates of Beauveria bassiana, five isolates of Akanthomyces lecanii, four isolates of Akanthomyces muscarious, three isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae, two isolates of Hirsutella subulata, two isolates of Trichoderma sp. and one isolate of Aspergillus sp. All the identified isolates were treated on the larvae through bioassay, evaluating the amount of hydrophobin and the activities of proteases, chitinases and lipase to find their virulence. Moreover, the percentage of thermotolerant and cold activity of the isolates were tested to determine their environmental persistence. The overall results revealed the isolates of B. bassiana, including BBRR1, BBAL1 and BBLN1 as the most virulent and environmental adaptive isolates among the fungi associated with C. suppressalis.

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Effect of thermal stress on the immune responses of Chilo suppressalis walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) to Beauveria bassiana

Cited by 14 publications

References 66 publications

Toxicity of microbial insecticides toward the non‐target freshwater insect Chironomus xanthus

Toxicity of microbial insecticides toward the non‐target freshwater insect Chironomus xanthus

Interplay between Fungal Infection and Bacterial Associates in the Wax Moth Galleria mellonella under Different Temperature Conditions

Screening and Virulence of the Entomopathogenic Fungi Associated with Chilo suppressalis Walker

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