Effect of thermal stress on survival and delay of metamorphosis in larvae of the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Díaz‐Pérez, Leopoldo; Carpizo‐Ituarte, Eugenio

doi:10.7773/cm.v37i4a.1903

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Overall, almost all treatment histories showed smaller sizes at death than control larvae, which indicates that any form of stress experienced either by parents or during development, and not necessarily both, has negative influences on larvae and a potential propensity to increase larval duration and postpone the point of competence, although this remains speculative. In this respect, larvae herein emulated trends already observed in other taxa Diaz-Perez & Carpizo-Ituarte, 2011). Larvae whose parents and egg masses were exposed to copper died at sizes very close to that at which they hatched, and thus probably young.…”

Section: Summary Of Findingssupporting

confidence: 79%

A Limpet’s Legacy: Carry-Over Effects across Life Stages and Generations Caused by Global Change Stressors

Kessel¹

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<p>Global change is increasingly impacting coastal marine systems. Organisms inhabiting the intertidal zone may be especially vulnerable to additional anthropogenic influences, which augment the naturally stressful, highly variable conditions to which they are already subjected and may lead to the manifestation of artificially severe carry-over effects (COEs). In marine invertebrates with complex life histories, COEs can occur between life stages, when the conditions experienced by one stage influence the characteristics or performance of the next, as well as trans-generationally, in which case the environment experienced by a parental generation affects offspring. Most of the existing literature surrounding COEs focuses only on those between life stages or generations, seldom both simultaneously, and do so with the implementation of only a single stressor. In nature however, organisms may be affected by both forms of COE, since the presence of one does not preclude the other, and are invariably subjected to multiple co-occurring stressors that can interact in complex ways. Consequently, how trans-generational COEs might impact the propagation of stress through offspring life stages remains unclear, and how these processes operate in a global change context is little understood. It was here aimed to elucidate the role of COEs under ongoing global change by addressing these common literature imitations and taking the novel approach of examining how the effects of multiple, global change-associated stressors carry-over from a parental generation through their offspring’s life stages in order to provide a more realistic representation of the conditions under which COEs manifest in the field. This was done using Siphonaria australis, an intertidal pulmonate limpet that deposits benthic egg masses, from which hatch planktonic veliger larvae. Adult S. australis were subjected to one of four treatments for 4h/day over four weeks to induce trans-generational COEs: a no-stress control, a pollution treatment with added copper (5.0μg/L), a “climate change” treatment with elevated temperature (25°C) and UVR (1.7W/m2), and a full global change treatment incorporating all three stressors. At the end of this period, the egg masses laid under each of these adult treatments were subjected to further experimentation for two weeks by being redistributed among the same four treatments again, so as to produce 16 unique treatment histories of adult-to-egg mass stress. Of these, 11 provided successfully hatching larvae, which were reared and observed for COEs between life stages (from egg to larva) under ambient conditions (ie. no added stressors) for 27 days. In adult S. australis survivor size, the size of egg masses laid and the size of individual eggs varied in complex ways over time and across treatments, while the number of survivors was unaffected by stress. Egg masses were unaffected in terms of hatching time but displayed strong responses to parental and developmental stress exposure through hatching success, and the percentage of viable eggs per egg mass, with the latter clearly declining according to adult treatment severity and both showing trans-generational COEs. Larval characteristics were extremely varied across treatment histories and highly context-dependent as hatching size, size reached by 27 days, growth rate, and size at death all showed evidence of COEs between generations and life stages, as well as interaction between both types of COE, with the number of survivors again being the only unaffected response variable. Overall, trans-generational COEs were slightly more common than those between life stages. These results show that both forms of COE, each triggered by exposure to multiple stressors in progenitors and developmental stages, interact to form highly context-dependent legacies of mostly impaired performance in S. australis larvae. This implies that COEs may become more prominent with worsening stressors in the future and suggests that the role of COEs in the persistence of marine invertebrates under ongoing global change may so far have been underestimated by the existing literature.</p>

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Section: Summary Of Findingssupporting

confidence: 79%

A Limpet’s Legacy: Carry-Over Effects across Life Stages and Generations Caused by Global Change Stressors

Kessel¹

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“…This type of information is very scarce for this study area and is only known for two species of sea urchins: Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Stimpson) and Toxopneustes roseus (A. Agassiz). In precompetent and competent larvae of S. purpuratus lethal effects were produced, with 100% mortality ( Díaz-Pérez and Carpizo-Ituarte, 2011 ). Mejía-Gutiérrez et al (2019) observed that continuous exposure to a temperature of 32°C turned out to be deleterious for T. roseus with more than 90% abnormal embryos.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated temperatures increase abnormalities in embryos and reduce larval survival in serpulid polychaetes

Sánchez-Ovando,

Benítez-Villalobos,

Bastida-Zavala

2023

Biology Open

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Environmental temperature is one of the most significant factors influencing the developmental rate and survival of embryos and larvae of many marine animals, including polychaetes. The aim of this study was to experimentally evaluate the effect of temperature increase on the embryonic development and larval survival of Spirobranchus incrassatus and S. cf. corniculatus. Adult worms of both species were collected from the western margin of the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico. Embryos and larvae were obtained from these worms and exposed to four temperature treatments (28, 30, 32 and 34°C). The optimal temperatures for embryonic development of S. incrassatus and S. cf. corniculatus were 30 and 28°C, respectively. For both species, the maximum critical temperature was 32°C and the lethal temperature was 34°C. The embryonic stages of S. cf. corniculatus were most negatively affected by elevated temperatures. Larval survivorship of S. incrassatus and S. cf. corniculatus was higher at 30°C and 28°C (76.2±2.8%; 72.6±4.2%) and lower at 34°C (28.9±2.6%; 26.3±2.9%), respectively. These results suggest that S. cf. corniculatus has the lowest thermal tolerance. Both Spirobranchus species already live near their upper limit of thermal tolerance in the study region (30°C). In the near future, under a global warming scenario, the distribution of both species could be modified, causing a loss of biodiversity, changes in the trophic chain, and alterations in the water column, such as excess organic matter.

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“…Similarmente a la salinidad, algunas investigaciones han demostrado que otros factores tales como los cambios de pH y temperatura generan efectos adversos sobre la fertilización y el desarrollo temprano en equinoideos (Olaechea et al, 2006;Dupont et al, 2008;Dupont & Thorndyke, 2009, González-Delgado et al, 2014. En Paracentrotus lividus se ha demostrado efectos antagónicos sobre la fertilización y el desarrollo temprano producidos por el calentamiento del agua, que tienden a acelerar estos procesos, y la acidificación a retrasar su desarrollo (Sala & Zabala, 1996;Díaz-Pérez & Carpizo-Ituarte, 2011). Los hallazgos de esta investigación muestran que es factible utilizar rangos de salinidades entre 20 y 32 ups para el normal desarrollo de los embriones de A. stellata.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Efecto de la salinidad en la embriogénesis del erizo de mar Arbacia stellata (Blainville, 1825)

Zapata-Vívenes¹,

Iglesia²,

Varas³

et al. 2021

Revista de las Agrociencias

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El erizo de mar Arbacia stellata puede habitar en ecosistemas estuarinos, pero se desconoce la salinidad crítica en las etapas iniciales de vida para su cultivo. Para ello se evaluó el porcentaje de fertilización, desarrollo embrionario y supervivencia de A. stellata en cuatro salinidades (ups): 5, 10, 20 y 32 (control). Los gametos se obtuvieron de erizos adultos vía inyección intracelómica de 0,55 M de KCl. Los estadios de desarrollo embrionario fueron registrados mediante fotomicrografías desde la fertilización hasta larva prisma. El control presentó 100% de fertilización y supervivencia, cuyo desarrollo embrionario se completó en 20 horas hasta la fase de larva prisma. En contraste, el porcentaje de fertilización disminuyó entre 5 y 10 ups (<70%) y hubo retraso en el desarrollo embrionario (fase de gástrula >24 h) sin formación de larva prisma. Los resultados sugieren que salinidades por debajo de 10 ups son críticas para el desarrollo embrionario de A. stellata. Esta información es clave para una acuicultura viable de este erizo de mar cuando se utiliza agua de estuario en ecosistemas tropicales. Palabras clave: Estenohalino; embrión; blástula; gástrula; estuario; larva prisma

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Effect of thermal stress on survival and delay of metamorphosis in larvae of the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

A Limpet’s Legacy: Carry-Over Effects across Life Stages and Generations Caused by Global Change Stressors

A Limpet’s Legacy: Carry-Over Effects across Life Stages and Generations Caused by Global Change Stressors

Elevated temperatures increase abnormalities in embryos and reduce larval survival in serpulid polychaetes

Efecto de la salinidad en la embriogénesis del erizo de mar Arbacia stellata (Blainville, 1825)

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