Effect of Thermal Stress and Muscular Exercise, With and Wihout Insulin Hypoglycaemia, on the Body Temperature, Perspiration Rate, and Electrolyte and Lactate Content of Sweat

Objectives Despite periodic outbreaks, the causes and risk factors of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in children of Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India, remain unknown. We explored the correlation between AES caseload and the climate parameters. Methods Data for 1318 hospitalized children with AES during 2012–20 were used. The correlation between AES cases and daily climate parameters (temperature, sunshine, rainfall, humidity and wind speed) for the previous 24, 48 and 72 h were examined using Pearson’s and Spearman’s rank-order correlation and Poisson regression or negative binomial regression analyses. Results Most (91.8%) of the AES cases occurred during the summer season (May–July months), especially June month. Pearson’s and Spearman’s rank-order correlation analyses revealed that AES caseload had positive correlations with maximum (r = 0.275, ρ = 0.293) and minimum (r = 0.306, ρ = 0.306) temperatures during past 24 h and heat index (r = 0.325, ρ = 0.325) and negative correlation with humidity (r = −0.222, ρ = −0.222) and rainfall (r = −0.183, ρ = −0.183) (all p < 0.05). The correlation was consistent for the climate parameters for the past 24, 48 and 72 h. Regression analysis also documented a significant association of AES cases with daily maximum (β: 0.32–0.36) and minimum (β: 0.53–0.62) temperatures and heat index (β: 0.92–1.03) over past 24, 48 and 72 h (all p < 0.01). The number of AES cases exponentially increased when the daily maximum and minimum temperatures crossed 40°C and 31°C, respectively. Conclusions The climate parameters, especially temperature appears to be a risk factor for AES in children. The definite aetiological role of heat for AES in children needs further exploration.

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Stimulation of Sweating by Exercise after Heat Induced“Fatigue” of the Sweating Mechanism

Karvonen

1961

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica

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When wrestlers lose weight before a competition, they often induce sweating in a hot bath until the“fatigue” of the sweating mechanism. It is reported that at this stage exercise may still induce sweating. This claim was tested in experiments on five young males. After three or four exposures of 12 min each to ambient heat in a“sauna” bath which caused the rectal temperature to rise to values in a range from 38.4 to 39.4°C, substantial sweating could no more be elicited by repeating the thermal stimulus. However, treadmill running for 20 min caused a further weight loss of 0.1 to 0.9 kg, although the rectal temperature now remained on an average 0.7°C lower than during the preceding exposure to heat. The mean total loss of weight during the whole procedure was 3.6 per cent of the initial body weight. The concentration of sodium, potassium and chloride varied individually at repeated exposures to heat. In most subjects, the range of the variation was small. During exercise the mean content of sodium was lower than in sweat collected during the first exposure to ambient heat. The results are discussed.

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Effect of Thermal Stress and Muscular Exercise, With and Wihout Insulin Hypoglycaemia, on the Body Temperature, Perspiration Rate, and Electrolyte and Lactate Content of Sweat

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Not Only Winter, Not Only Cold: History of Thermal Physiology in Finland

Not Only Winter, Not Only Cold: History of Thermal Physiology in Finland

Is Ambient Weather a Risk Factor for Acute Encephalopathy Outbreaks in Children in Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India? Insight from a 9-Year Analysis

Stimulation of Sweating by Exercise after Heat Induced“Fatigue” of the Sweating Mechanism

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