Effect of the ZrO2 phase on Pd-based bifunctional catalysts for the hydrogenolysis of glucose

Selective Cellulose Hydrogenolysis to 2,5-Hexanedione and 1-Hydroxy-2-hexanone Using Ni@NC Combined with H3PO4

“…The apparent activation energy of 5-HMF to LA was rather low (Figure S11), indicating that 5-HMF could be easily hydrolyzed to LA in Bronsted acid solution. Fructose was more easily converted to 5-HMF compared with glucose. , Consequently, using fructose as the substrate outperformed the glucose in terms of LA yield.…”

“…Compared with samples synthesized at different temperatures, the conversion of cellulose was only 77.2% using Ni@NC-600-2. This could be assigned with its highest basic amount that facilitated the polymerization reaction, leading to the formation of insoluble humins, thus exerting a negative effect on determining the cellulose conversion . For Ni@NC synthesized at 800 °C, the agglomeration of Ni nanoparticles as observed in TEM results may hinder the electron transfer process associated with the adsorption of the reaction intermediate, leading to its poor catalytic activity. , Besides, the comparison of the catalytic performance of Ni@NC-700-0, Ni@NC-700-2, and Ni@NC-700-4 revealed that structural discrepancy could exert an influence on the activity of catalysts as well.…”

“…The catalytic activity of Ni@NC predominantly originated from the following two aspects: the basic sites from the nitrogen doping and the metallic catalytic sites from the inside of Ni particles. It was proposed that the basic sites could promote the isomerization of glucose to fructose, ,, so we performed the glucose reaction in N 2 atmosphere under short reaction time using Ni@NC-600-2, Ni@NC-700-2, and Ni@C to investigate the facilitation effect of N in the isomerization of glucose to fructose. As shown in Figure S14, the selectivity to fructose under short reaction time decreased in the following order: Ni@NC-600-2 > Ni@NC-700-2 > Ni@C, which was in accordance with the N contents of catalysts.…”

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Hydrodeoxygenation Coupled with Water-Gas Shift Reaction for 2,5-Dimethylfuran Production over Au/ZrO2 Catalysts

“…In our previous reports, a similar synergistic effect of metal and Lewis sites was also discussed. − In these cases, 5% Au/ZrO 2 had more basic sites as compared to the ZrO 2 support. CO adsorbed on the Au surface with negative charge, and then formed monodentate carbonate with H 2 O at the Au/base interface, the monodentate carbonate formed at the Au/base interface was beneficial for H 2 O dissociation, adsorption, and CO activation and oxidation, and was responsible for releasing CO 2 and hydrogen species at low temperature. , The active hydrogen species generated from WGSR was transferred to the Au/acid interface for 5-HMF hydrogenolysis to 2,5-DMF. , Meanwhile, the neighboring acidic sites generated by the oxygen vacancies could effectively activate the C–OH bond in 5-HMF and finally form 5-MF with the splitting of the C–O bond due to the attacking of H on Au particles. , The Au/acid interface on the catalyst surface could also effectively activate the CO group in 5-MF to form 5-MFA via hydrogenation, followed by forming the target 2,5-DMF by a similar synergistic hydrogenolysis . In addition, 2,5-DMF would open the ring to form 2-HOL, 2-HON, and 2,5-HD as the reaction time lengthened.…”

CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol on ZnO/ZrO2 Catalysts: Effects of Zirconia Phase

“…The similar situation has been reported for Pd/a-ZrO 2 . [22] However, most of the CO 2 desorbed on this sample is from high temperature at around 450°C. Considering the reaction temperature for CO 2 hydrogenation to methanol usually occurs between 230-320°C.…”