Effect of the turbulent biological tissues on the propagation properties of Coherent Laguerre-Gaussian beams

Abstract

In this paper, the effects of turbulent biological tissues (TBT) on the propagation properties of the coherent Laguerre-Gaussian (CLG) beams are studied. Based on the turbulence theory and using the power spectrum refractive-index model, the expression formulae of the average irradiance intensity and spreading properties of a CLG beam propagating in TBT are derived. The influence of propagation distance, beam orders, wavelengths and tissue turbulence parameters are then investigated numerically. It found that, the central dark zone of the circular/elliptical LG beams rises more rapidly as the propagation distance and the structural constant of the refractive index of the biological tissue increase and the beams become eventually more like Gaussian beams in the far-field under the influence of the turbulence biological tissues. Also, the numerical results proved that the effective beam spot radius increases as turbulence, wavelength, and propagation distance are increasing.Ultimately, the beams become circular under the influence of the turbulence of the biological tissue.As found that the effective beam spot radius along the x-axis becomes equal to that of the y-axis in high TBT which explain why an elliptical LG beam is converted into a circular one in higher structural constant of the turbulent tissue. Moreover, our results show that, the influence of the beam order m slightly greater than that of l on the beam spreading.

Theoretical and computational study of a partially coherent laser beam in a marine environment

“…According to (Ebrahim and Belafhal 2021), the effective beam widths of a partially coherent GFHChG beam passing through maritime atmospheric turbulence along the x and y directions can be written as follows The beam widths' development W yz will be identical because of their symmetrical structure. As a result, just the beam width W xz will be examined.…”

Evaluation of integral transforms using special functions with applications to biological tissues

“…In this appendix, we present the abscissas and weight factors for Laguerre and Legendre-Gauss quadrature (Ebrahim and Belafhal 2021).…”

“…between optical and biological properties of tissues (see Ghosh et al 2001;Kong et al 2016;Li et al 2019;Yin et al 2017;Duan et al 2020;Gökçe et al 2020;Liu et al 2020;Chen et al 2020;Saad and Belafhal 2017;Ebrahim and Belafhal 2021). The methodologies presented in previous papers are used to study the scattering parameters which play a major role in the description of the distribution of refractive index (Radosevich et al 2012) through:…”

Analyzing the spreading properties of vortex beam in turbulent biological tissues

“…The progress of medicine and molecular biology had made of the turbulent biological tissues another important propagation environment. To understand the interactions between light beams and biological tissues, the spreading of optical beams through these mediums becomes an essential issue that is receiving intense trends from researchers (Jin et al 2016;Wu et al 2016;Baykal et al 2017;Saad and Belafhal 2017;Gökçe et al 2020;Ebrahim and Belafhal 2021). Especially since the average intensity and propagation of laser beams play crucial roles in biophotonics research as a way of collecting quantitative data for cancer diagnosis or screening (Yi and Backman 2012).…”

“…For these features, a considerable number of research has been conducted about the propagation of stochastic electromagnetic vortex beams (Luo et al 2014;Duan et al 2020), anomalous hollow Gaussian beams (Lu et al 2016), and Circular and elliptical hollow Gaussian beams (Saad and Belafhal 2017) through turbulent biological tissues. Up to now, the Circular Laguerre-Gaussian beams have been successively introduced and analyzed by Ebrahim and Belafhal (Ebrahim and Belafhal 2021).…”