Effect of the Temporal Pattern of Contralateral Inhibition on Sound Localization Cues

Marsat, Gary; Pollack, Gerald S.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0646-05.2005

Cited by 42 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…An identified interneuron, ON1, is excited by input from one ear and inhibits the AN2 that is excited by the other ear (Selverston et al, 1985). We showed previously that contralateral inhibition selectively suppresses high firing rates in AN2 (Marsat and Pollack, 2005) and thus should enhance binaural contrast preferentially for bursts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A Behavioral Role for Feature Detection by Sensory Bursts

Marsat¹,

Pollack²

2006

J. Neurosci.

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Brief episodes of high-frequency firing of sensory neurons, or bursts, occur in many systems, including mammalian auditory and visual systems, and are believed to signal the occurrence of particularly important stimulus features, i.e., to function as feature detectors. However, the behavioral relevance of sensory bursts has not been established in any system. Here, we show that bursts in an identified auditory interneuron of crickets reliably signal salient stimulus features and reliably predict behavioral responses. Our results thus demonstrate the close link between sensory bursts and behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A Behavioral Role for Feature Detection by Sensory Bursts

Marsat¹,

Pollack²

2006

J. Neurosci.

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“…Feedback from the brain can be discarded, because in all recordings the connectives between thorax and head were cut. The best-described inhibitory auditory interneuron in the prothorax of crickets is the omega neuron (Selverston et al, 1985;Marsat and Pollack, 2005), but it is histaminergic (Watson and Hardt, 1996). In other cricket species, two-tone experiments combining low-and high-frequency carriers revealed inhibition elicited by low-frequency sound on high-frequency stimuli Hoy, 1986, 1987;Libersat et al, 1994).…”

Section: Subtractive and Divisive Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Arithmetic Operations in a Single Neuron: The Recruitment of Adaptation Processes in the Cricket Auditory Pathway Depends on Sensory Context

Hildebrandt

Benda²,

Hennig³

2011

J. Neurosci.

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Sensory pathways process behaviorally relevant signals in various contexts and therefore have to adapt to differing background conditions. Depending on changes in signal statistics, this adjustment might be a combination of two fundamental computational operations: subtractive adaptation shifting a neuron's threshold and divisive gain control scaling its sensitivity. The cricket auditory system has to deal with highly stereotyped conspecific songs at low carrier frequencies, and likely much more variable predator signals at high frequencies. We proposed that due to the differences between the two signal classes, the operation that is implemented by adaptation depends on the carrier frequency. We aimed to identify the biophysical basis underlying the basic computational operations of subtraction and division.We performed in vivo intracellular and extracellular recordings in a first-order auditory interneuron (AN2) that is active in both mate recognition and predator avoidance. We demonstrated subtractive shifts at the carrier frequency of conspecific songs and division at the predator-like carrier frequency. Combined application of current injection and acoustic stimuli for each cell allowed us to demonstrate the subtractive effect of cell-intrinsic adaptation currents. Pharmacological manipulation enabled us to demonstrate that presynaptic inhibition is most likely the source of divisive gain control.We showed that adjustment to the sensory context can depend on the class of signals that are relevant to the animal. We further revealed that presynaptic inhibition is a simple mechanism for divisive operations. Unlike other proposed mechanisms, it is widely available in the sensory periphery of both vertebrates and invertebrates.

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“…AN2 functions as a 'conditional command neuron' for negative phonotaxis; when firing at a sufficiently high rate, it evokes steering responses directed away from the sound source (Nolen and Hoy, 1984;Marsat and Pollack, 2006). ON1 influences activity of AN2 through contralateral inhibition (Selverston et al, 1985;Faulkes and Pollack, 2000;Marsat and Pollack, 2005;Marsat and Pollack, 2007).…”

Section: Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Flight and hearing: ultrasound sensitivity differs between flight-capable and flight-incapable morphs of a wing-dimorphic cricket species

Pollack

Martins

2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Predation by echolocating bats has been an important selective pressure on insects, favoring the evolution of ultrasound-sensitive ears (Hoy, 1992;Jones and Rydell, 2003). Aerially hawking bats emit ultrasonic probes and detect flying insect prey by the echoes that return from their bodies. In some hearing species flight is restricted to one gender, and sensitivity to ultrasound is reduced in the non-flying gender, e.g. moths (Cardone and Fullard, 1988) and mantises (Yager, 1990). These observations suggest that sensitivity to ultrasound is closely linked to flight physiologically, as well as evolutionarily.Many cricket species are flight dimorphic, occurring both as long-winged and short-winged forms (Zera, 2004;Roff and Fairbairn, 2007). The long-winged form is initially capable of flight, but individuals may lose this ability when flight muscles undergo histolysis, which becomes increasingly probable with advancing adult age (Shiga et al., 1991). The short-winged form is incapable of flight throughout life. Unlike the cases cited above, in flight-dimorphic crickets the risk of bat predation varies within a single gender and, for long-winged crickets, within a single individual. Moreover, crickets use hearing not only to detect bats but also, in a lower range of frequencies, for intraspecific communication (Moiseff et al., 1978). We compare auditory sensitivity between flightcapable and flight-incapable forms of the cricket Gryllus texensis, both to ultrasonic stimuli and to the sonic frequency of intraspecific signals. We find, using both behavioral and neurophysiological measures, that sensitivity to ultrasound, but not to low sound frequencies, varies according to the ability to fly. Our findings suggest that ultrasound sensitivity is one of a suite of developmental and physiological phenotypes that are linked to flight, and thus to the risk of predation by aerially hawking bats. Materials and methodsAnimals Gryllus texensis (Cade and Otte) were reared in the laboratory at 25-28°, on a 12·h:12·h photoperiod, with ad libidum access to Purina TM Cat Chow and water. Under these conditions, approximately half the males develop as long-winged, and half as short-winged individuals. The frequency of short-winged females is much lower, approximately 10%. We studied males aged 7-21 days after the final molt. Both long-and short-winged males were selected from the same cohorts, the adult ages of which were known to within 1 week. Thus, both wing morphs were represented approximately equally over the entire range of ages. Experiments were performed during the animals' scotophase. Sound stimuliStimuli were produced by National Instruments (Austin, TX, USA) digital-to-analog boards (AT-MIO 16E4, 12-bit resolution or PCI-6251, 16-bit) with sampling rate of 100·kHz. Sound level (r.m.s. of a constant tone with the same peak amplitude as actual stimuli) was adjusted by a programmable attenuator (PA4, Tucker-Davis, Alachua, FL, USA or 50P-076, JFW Industries, Indianapolis, IN, USA) and calibrated with Bruël and Kjaer instrum...

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Effect of the Temporal Pattern of Contralateral Inhibition on Sound Localization Cues

Cited by 42 publications

References 43 publications

A Behavioral Role for Feature Detection by Sensory Bursts

A Behavioral Role for Feature Detection by Sensory Bursts

Multiple Arithmetic Operations in a Single Neuron: The Recruitment of Adaptation Processes in the Cricket Auditory Pathway Depends on Sensory Context

Flight and hearing: ultrasound sensitivity differs between flight-capable and flight-incapable morphs of a wing-dimorphic cricket species

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