Effect of the temperature during antiviral immune response ontogeny in teleosts

Abstract

Zebrafish were used to investigate the expression levels of several antiviral and inflammatory genes (IL-1β, iNOS, TNF-α, TLR3, IFN-I, IFNγ, IRF3, MDA-5, Mx) constitutively and after viral stimulation during early development. We also determined how their expression was affected by changes in the temperature. The antiviral genes were almost completely inhibited at 15°C with the exception of TLR3. In contrast, IL-1β, iNOS and TNF-α expression was not obviously different between the two temperatures. At 15°C, most of the genes examined did not differ following stimulation with poly I:C or viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). However, at 28°C, all of the genes showed significant differences in at least some of the sampling points after poly I:C treatment with the largest differences observed for Mx. Mx expression in adult zebrafish was not significantly altered by temperature and poly I:C treatment led to a smaller increase in gene expression when compared to larval Mx levels. Thus, Mx seems to play an important role in viral immunity in larvae, when the adaptive immune response is not fully functional.

Establishment of Three Francisella Infections in Zebrafish Embryos at Different Temperatures

“…Although the preferred growth temperature of the zebrafish is 28°C, the embryos adapted well to both increased and decreased temperatures, in agreement with earlier studies focusing on viral infections of embryos at 24°C and for short periods of time at 15°C (49,59). No abnormalities were evident in the appearance, behavior, or mortality profiles of noninfected embryos at the different temperatures.…”

Efecto de la temperatura sobre la expresión de genes IFN-1(α), STAT-1 y Mx-1 en alevines de trucha arcoíris Oncorhynchus mykiss (Salmoniformes: Salmonidae) expuestos al el virus de la necrosis pancreática infecciosa (IPNV)

“…Same results were obtained at 16°C in rainbow trout fry. Although, the expression inhibition of Mx observed by Dios et al (2010) occurred at a low physiological temperature of a tropical fish (Danio rerio), as a contrary to our work which shows inhibition of Mx at a maximum physiological temperature (16°C). Therefore, the extreme temperature values for each species are critical physiological points to consider for interferon system immune response genes.…”

“…Dios et al (2010), stimulating larvae of zebra fish (Danio rerio) with Poly-IC observed an inhibition in the expression profile of Mx at 15°C. Same results were obtained at 16°C in rainbow trout fry.…”

“…RubioGodoy (2010) prefers to refer to it as relatively independent of temperature, although others have determined that the expression of antiviral and inflammatory genes is affected by changes in temperature in zebra fish. Specifically, antiviral expression genes was almost completely inhibited at 15°C, however, inflammatory genes such as IL-1β, TNF-α and INOS showed no obvious difference between 15 and 28°C (Dios, Romero, Chamorro, Figueras, & Novoa, 2010). Temperature not only influences the immune system of teleost but also the physiology of poikilothermic animals (Ruiz, & De Blas, 2003).…”

Temperature-dependent regulation of gene expression in poly (I:C)-treated Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus

“…Recently, Dios et al [15] demonstrated that zebrafish (Danio rerio) treated with poly (I:C) have different expression profiles of immune-related genes such as Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), Mx, and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) between low (15 C) and high (28 C) temperatures. Interferon stimulatory gene 15 (ISG15) expression in Atlantic cod after poly (I:C) injection was higher at 16 C than 10 C at 6 hpi [9].…”