Effect of the structure of artificial rain on the soil

Abstract

The quality of irrigation by sprinklers is determined not only by the uniformity of the distribution of the rain layer over the irrigated area. If the water permeability exceeds the intensity of precipitation, then surface runoff does not occur. With an increase in soil moisture, water permeability decreases, and surface runoff increases, contributing to the washout of the fertile layer. The sprinkling machine “Kuban-LS” is installed 18…20 km west of Volgograd, located on the western slope of the Volga Upland. The soil cover has a complex character and is represented by carbonate light chestnut varieties of varying degrees of washout. The data on the effect of artificial rain created by a sprinkler machine on the soil structure and absorption rate are presented. Due to the partial destruction of agronomically valuable soil aggregates, the density of the arable layer from sowing to harvesting the grass mixture after each irrigation increased from 1.10…1.28 to 1.26…1.35 t/m3. The quality of irrigation by sprinklers is determined not only by the uniformity of rain distribution, but also by the conditions for the absorption of irrigation water into the soil. Based on these studies, we offer certain recommendations to reduce the negative impact on the soil.

Development of technical solutions for environmentally safe irrigation

“…Irrigation affects the structural composition of soil, the size of agronomically valuable aggregates, porosity, hardness, as well as may be accompanied by accumulation of salts, leading to the death of plants. Scientists have developed and continue to study ways to eliminate the negative effects of sprinkling irrigation due to the mechanical impact of droplets on the soil leading to its compaction and formation of soil crust depending on the type of soil (Table 1) [9][10][11]. It is known that under the same conditions the amount of erosion depends on the duration of rain hitting the soil, and on the indicators that characterize the energy characteristic of rain, namely the average drop diameter, intensity, drop fall velocity, specific power, and rain pressure force.…”

Evaluating the effectiveness of filter media in the treatment of poultry wastewater

“…When selecting filtration material and its quality of treatment of poultry wastewater in relation to toxic heavy metals and ammonium ions, all the above parameters are required [16,18,19,21]. Zeolite, also called aluminosilicate, has a good static capacity for ion exchange.…”