Effect of the Structure of Lipids Favoring Disordered Domain Formation on the Stability of Cholesterol-Containing Ordered Domains (Lipid Rafts): Identification of Multiple Raft-Stabilization Mechanisms
Abstract:Despite the importance of lipid rafts, commonly defined as liquid-ordered domains rich in cholesterol and in lipids with high gel-to-fluid melting temperatures (T(m)), the rules for raft formation in membranes are not completely understood. Here, a fluorescence-quenching strategy was used to define how lipids with low T(m), which tend to form disordered fluid domains at physiological temperatures, can stabilize ordered domain formation by cholesterol and high-T(m) lipids (either sphingomyelin or dipalmitoylpho… Show more
“…To simulate the composition of a lipid raft (38 -41), we mixed sphingomyelin and cholesterol with zwitterionic PE and anionic PS ( Table 1). The latter two lipids are highly enriched in the inner leaflet of a lipid raft (42)(43)(44)(45). Acyl chain selection was based upon the intestinal lipid composition.…”
“…To simulate the composition of a lipid raft (38 -41), we mixed sphingomyelin and cholesterol with zwitterionic PE and anionic PS ( Table 1). The latter two lipids are highly enriched in the inner leaflet of a lipid raft (42)(43)(44)(45). Acyl chain selection was based upon the intestinal lipid composition.…”
“…The phototransduction process involving conformational changes of rhodopsin is largely facilitated by a suffi ciently fl exible lipid bilayer, and the lipid bilayer fl uidity is mostly dependent on the composition of phospholipids' fatty acyl groups. Phospholipids composing PUFAs like DHA, with low gel-to-fl uid properties ( 26 ), provide sufficient fl uidity of the lipid bilayer and play signifi cant roles in the phototransduction process ( 8 ). Thus, the specifi c presence of lipids containing PUFAs in the OS and IS layers indicates that these lipids form the fl exible lipid bilayers and their different compositions might indicate their cell and cell part specifi city in the OS and IS layers.…”
Section: Mosaic Distribution Of Phospholipids In the Os And Is Regionsmentioning
“…The complexity of the membrane lipid composition has suggested the coexistence of domains characterized by different dynamic properties in the membrane plane as sites for preferential partitioning of proteins and solutes, for modulating membrane activity, and for diffusion along the plane and through the bilayer. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Several invasive methods that use membrane isolation can be used to establish the exact lipid composition of membranes. However, when these methods are used to study membrane domains, they can be subject to localization error because lipids can migrate between different cellular compartments during the membrane isolation.…”
Section: Conclusion and Further Considerationsmentioning
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