Effect of the spatial network structure and cross-link density of diene rubbers on their thermal stability and fire hazard

Rybiński, Przemysław; Janowska, G.

doi:10.1007/s10973-014-3673-y

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Density of toluene is 0.866 (g cm −3 ). The elastically active network chain ν, which was used to represent the whole cross-link density, was then calculated by the well-known Flory-Rehner equation [16][17][18]:…”

Section: Sem Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Lignocellulose Fillers on Properties Natural Rubber Composites

et al. 2017

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The present article presents unreported yet in the subject literature examinations of the effect of a lignocellulose filler obtained from an alkalized wheat straw treated with di-potassium phosphate on the properties of natural rubber composites. The thermal and mechanical properties as well as the fire hazard of the composites obtained were tested also in the presence of an additive flame-retardant compound (poly(ammonium phosphate)), exploiting the synergism of its action with pentaerythritol, antimony trioxide, aluminum hydroxide and zinc borate. Based on the results obtained by the methods of thermal and mechanical analyses, micro-calorimetry and cone calorimetry, it has been found that the bio-filler increases, especially in the presence of additive flame-retardant, the resistance of the bio-composites tested to the action of fire, without a significant deterioration in their mechanical properties.

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Section: Sem Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Lignocellulose Fillers on Properties Natural Rubber Composites

et al. 2017

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“…This is probably because that polymer degradation at high temperature is associated with the initiation of random scission . And the initiation of this random process may be slow after the addition of PF and PPF due to the crosslinked network structure formed in the films . In addition, it can be seen that there was still a certain degree of mass loss at the 450–550 °C stage of the PF and PPF weight loss curves, mainly due to the decomposition of the resins, which was followed by decomposition of the phenolic hydroxyl groups and then decomposition of the overall structural.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, many waterborne adhesives need to undergo heating curing at the final stage and PVAc emulsion adhesive is a very common thermosetting adhesive. For thermosets, the proper crosslinking density and structure provide thermosets with desirable mechanical properties and thermal stability and some significant researches has been done . Zhao and Abu‐Omar used three modification methods, such as improved molecular weight, orientation, or the number of functional groups, to increase the crosslinking density of biobased epoxy networks based on 2‐methoxy‐4‐propylphenol and they found that networks with higher crosslinking density exhibited greater mechanical and thermal performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of modified phenolic resin on crosslinked network and performances of polyvinyl acetate blending emulsion

Mao

Zhuang

Peng

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The water‐soluble phenolic resin (PF) and the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) modified phenolic resin (PPF) were synthesized by alkali catalysis method. Both were used as curing agents to blend with the polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) emulsion. The obtained PF, PPF and blending emulsion were characterized by FT‐IR, DSC, DLS, TEM, and viscosity analysis. The thermal stability of latex films was enhanced after blending. When the PF and PPF content was up to 15 wt %, the peel strength of the blending emulsion increased from 17.89 N/25 mm to 21.32 N/25 mm and 23.37 N/25 mm and the shear impact strength were 1.4 and 1.6 times that of unmodified emulsion adhesive, respectively. Moreover, the modification effect of PPF was better than PF due to its tough crosslinked network. Finally, layer cohesion played an increasingly important role in bonding forces with the increment of the PPF content by the glue residue analysis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46448.

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“…Alvares et al described flammability of rubber materials from the point of view of their massive utilization as materials for vehicle production (tires, conveyor belts, and electrical power cable insulation) [28]. Extensive research in the field of elastomers and cross-linked elastomers thermal stability and flammability has revealed the pressing need for the incorporation of flame retardants into the elastomer matrix to assure their satisfactory utilization and performance [29][30][31]. This in turn requires the development of ever new flame retardant systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of mineral filler additives on flammability, processing and use of silicone-based ceramifiable composites

et al. 2017

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The aim of this work is to describe the changes in the properties of ceramifiable silicone rubber-based composites caused by the incorporation of novel alternative minerals in comparison to other popular, widely utilized fillers. TiO 2 , calcined kaolin and calcium-based minerals mix (CbMix) consisting of CaO (6.26 wt%), CaCO 3 (26.18 wt%) and Ca(OH) 2 (67.56 wt%) have not been considered as a dispersed phase of ceramifiable silicone composites destined for wire covers yet. Mineral fillers: TiO 2 (anatase), mica (phlogopite), CbMix, CaCO 3 , Al(OH) 3 , kaolin and calcined kaolin affect the processing and the various properties of silicone rubber-based composites destined for wire covers differently. The propertiesflammability, smoke intensity, micromorphology and mechanical durability after ceramification-are assessed by measuring: the kinetics of vulcanization, stress at different levels of elongation, tensile strength and the elongation at break of the materials. Although the curing process of the composites is disturbed by the addition of CbMix, it benefits from an increase in oxygen index value, which reaches 31.4%. What is more, also its flammability parameters measured by cone calorimetry improve, such as the total heat released (THR) reaching 9.3 MJ/m 2 . Samples containing kaolin and calcined kaolin exhibit the best mechanical properties before ceramification, whereas composites filled with calcium-based powders (CbMix, CaCO 3 ) mechanically display the strongest mineral char after heat treatment, possibly due to a more homogenous micromorphology and the creation of calcium silicates at elevated temperature. Significant amounts of wollastonite, parawollastonite and pseudowollastonite are visible in their structure after ceramification.

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Effect of the spatial network structure and cross-link density of diene rubbers on their thermal stability and fire hazard

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Influence of Lignocellulose Fillers on Properties Natural Rubber Composites

Influence of Lignocellulose Fillers on Properties Natural Rubber Composites

Effect of modified phenolic resin on crosslinked network and performances of polyvinyl acetate blending emulsion

Effect of mineral filler additives on flammability, processing and use of silicone-based ceramifiable composites

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