Effect of the Source of Zinc on the Tissue Accumulation of Zinc and Jejunal Mucosal Zinc Transporter Expression in Holstein Dairy Calves

Abstract

Zinc is considered to be an anti-diarrheal agent, and it may therefore reduce the incidence of diarrhea in young calves. In the present study, we aimed to compare the effect of zinc source on growth performance, the incidence of diarrhea, tissue zinc accumulation, the expression of zinc transporters, and the serum concentrations of zinc-dependent proteins in neonatal Holstein dairy calves. Eighteen male newborn Holstein dairy calves were fed milk and starter diet supplemented with or without 80 mg zinc/d in the form of Zn-Met or ZnO for 14 days, and were then euthanized. Zn-Met supplementation improved average daily gain and feed efficiency, and reduced the incidence of diarrhea, compared with control calves (p < 0.05). It also increased the serum and hepatic zinc concentrations and the mRNA expression of the ZIP4 transporter in the jejunal mucosa of the calves (p < 0.05). In addition, the serum alkaline phosphatase activity and metallothionein concentration were higher in Zn-Met-treated calves than in control calves (p < 0.05). ZnO supplementation had similar effects, but these did not reach significance. Thus, Zn-Met supplementation is an effective means of increasing tissue zinc accumulation and jejunal zinc absorption, and can be used as an anti-diarrheal strategy in neonatal calves.

Supplementation With Zinc Proteinate Increases the Growth Performance by Reducing the Incidence of Diarrhea and Improving the Immune Function of Dairy Calves During the First Month of Life

“…Oxidative stress happens when the excessive production of reactive oxygen species overwhelms the capacity of antioxidant systems in the body (27,28). Previous studies have shown that zinc has an antioxidant function (29), and supplementation with ZM reportedly decreases the concentration of MDA, but increases that of MT and T-AOC in the serum of ruminants (14,17,23), and similar results were also observed in the present study. Different from ZM, ZP did not present the same antioxidant effects as ZM because it did not affect the serum MT or T-AOC concentrations compared with the CON group.…”

“…The NDF and ADF contents were analyzed by the methods described by Van Soest et al (21). The zinc concentration in the milk and starter were determined by inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), as described in the Chinese National Standards (GB 5009.268, China, 2016) with some modifications (14).…”

“…Accumulated studies have shown that supplementation with zinc enhances the growth performance and immunity of calves (9)(10)(11)(12). Furthermore, organic zinc is generally considered to be more bioavailable than inorganic forms, owning to its enhanced ability to promote the expression of tight junction proteins and zinc transporters in the intestine (13)(14)(15).…”

Does Therapeutic Zinc Level of Supplementation for Diminutions of Acute Diarrheal Morbidity Varied in Public and Private Health Institutions in Ethiopia, Data from EDHS 2016?

“…The recommended dosage of therapeutic zinc for the treatment of acute diarrhea is 20 mg per day for above six and 10 mg per day for under six months of children until 10–14 days were prescribed [ 1 ]. The low level of zinc in serum is estimated to be responsible for 21% of worldwide deaths for under-five age children [ 7 ]. Particularly, it can demote the number and functioning of neutrophils and natural killer cells [ 8 ].…”

Effect of bis-glycinate bound zinc or zinc sulfate on zinc metabolism in growing lambs

“…A newly available amino acid chelate is bis-glycinate bound Zn (Plexomin Zn, Phytobiotics, Eltville, Germany), which consists of two equivalents of glycine bound to one equivalent of Zn. Organic Zn sources have been shown to be more bioavailable than inorganic Zn sources when supplemented to ruminants ( Wright and Spears, 2004 ; Pal et al, 2010 ; Ma et al, 2020 ), but little research has been conducted utilizing bis-glycinate bound Zn. Unlike other trace minerals, such as Cu, tissue concentrations of Zn do not readily change in response to dietary supplementation.…”