Effect of the <scp>C/O</scp> ratio in graphene oxide materials on the reinforcement of epoxy‐based nanocomposites

Vallés, Cristina; Beckert, Fabian; Burk, Laura; Mülhaupt, Rolf; Young, Robert J.; Kinloch, Ian A.

doi:10.1002/polb.23925

Cited by 55 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(64 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This is an indication of random orientation of the GNP fillers in the composite samples, in agreement with similar studies from Valles et al [30,31] and Zhao et al [32]. …”

Section: Orientation Of the Fillers In Composite Materialssupporting

confidence: 92%

Hybrid multifunctional graphene/glass-fibre polypropylene composites

Papageorgiou

Kinloch

Young

2016

Composites Science and Technology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of the simultaneous addition, using a melt-mixing procedure, of glass fibres (GFs) and graphene in the form of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) upon the properties of polypropylene (PP) has been studied in detail. Composite samples containing GFs and GNPs alone were also prepared for comparative purposes. The crystalline microstructure of the composites was characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the interface between the matrix and the fillers. The orientation of the glass fibres was evaluated using SEM while polarized Raman spectroscopy was utilized to determinate the orientation of the GNPs in the composite samples. The mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated by tensile testing and it was found that the Young's modulus of the hybrid material is higher than that of the materials containing the fillers individually, showing an additive effect. Raman spectroscopy employed simultaneously with deformation of the composites was used to show that there was good interfacial stress transfer between the PP matrix and the GNPs. Finally, the thermal conductivity of the materials was measured and found to be significantly higher for the composites containing GNPs alone.

show abstract

“…This is an indication of random orientation of the GNP fillers in the composite samples, in agreement with similar studies from Valles et al [30,31] and Zhao et al [32]. …”

Section: Orientation Of the Fillers In Composite Materialssupporting

confidence: 92%

Hybrid multifunctional graphene/glass-fibre polypropylene composites

Papageorgiou

Kinloch

Young

2016

Composites Science and Technology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…After an initial 24 hour curing step at room temperature, the samples were then post-cured at 100 °C for 4 hours in a conventional oven. This curing protocol was chosen because previous works performed in the group [5,12] using the same epoxy system probed to render the optimal properties of epoxy and graphene/epoxy composites. Having identified the percolation threshold at 8.5 wt.%, a 10 wt.% composite was prepared using an out-of-autoclave (OoA) method (denoted as 'GNP/epoxy-OoA').…”

Section: Preparation Of the Gnps/epoxy Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among all carbon nanomaterials, graphene seems particularly promising for this application. Important improvements on the mechanical and electrical properties of epoxy matrices by incorporating different types of graphene have already been reported for the fabrication of structural composites for aerospace applications [4][5][6][7]. In addition, above the electrical percolation threshold the well-distributed high-aspect ratio graphene nanoparticles form electrically conductive networks in the matrix with great potential as integrated nanostructured resistive heaters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically conductive GNP/epoxy composites for out-of-autoclave thermoset curing through Joule heating

Xia

Zeng

et al. 2018

Composites Science and Technology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The development of scalable Out-of-Autoclave (OoA) in-situ thermoset curing methods are required to overcome important drawbacks related to the autoclave-based processing methods typically used in industry. The incorporation of graphene, an electrothermal carbon nanomaterial with the ability to transform electric energy into heat through Joule heating, emerges as a promising route to replace the conventional processing methods. In this work the electrical behaviour of both uncured and oven cured GNPs/epoxy composites with loadings of up to 10 wt.% were evaluated and electrical percolation thresholds were established for both. Above the critical loading found for oven cured materials (~ 8.5 wt.%) the electrically conducting networks of GNPs formed in the matrix showed the ability to act as integrated nanoheaters when an electric current was passed through them, successfully curing the composites by Joule heating. Composites prepared by this OoA curing method (as an alternative to the traditional oven based one) at 10 wt.% loading of GNPs were also prepared and compared to the oven cured ones. They showed more compact composite 2 structures, with less microvoids and a preferred orientation of the GNPs in the matrix relative to the oven cured material at identical loading, as revealed by electron microscopy and polarized Raman spectroscopy, respectively. This microstructure and anisotropy induced by the electrically-induced (i.e. OoA) cure led to GNPs/epoxy composites with superior electrical and mechanical properties (revealed by tensile testing). The well-distributed GNP nanoparticles acting as nanoheaters integrated in a thermosetting matrix, in combination with excellent mechanical and electrical performances achieved for the overall graphene/epoxy composites and the simplicity associated to the method, should open the door to novel industrial applications.

show abstract

“…The scale limit is still there, but we can acquire more information from this combined method. Depending on the synthesis process, highly oxidized GO has different compositions varying from 1.5 to 2.5 [13,14]. The fully oxidized area of GO model in this study has a C/O ratio of 1.5:1 which is close to the composition of commercial GO such as products from ACS Material®.…”

Section: Research Gapsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…While DFT is a computational quantum mechanical modelling method used to investigate the chemical and electronic structures (principally the ground state) of many-body systems. Depending upon the synthesis process, highly oxidized GO has different compositions varying from 1.5 to 2.5 [13,14] while the fully oxidized area of GO model in this study has a C/O ratio of 1.5:1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A theoretical study of graphene oxide chemical structure

Luo¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Graphene is a 2D material that has many unique and excellent physical and electrical properties.Since its discovery, people have spent much time and money on the research of graphene. A film of graphene is transparent, conductive, flexible, light in weight but very strong. Unfortunately, research in the last decade has proved that it is nearly impossible to fabricate stable, defect-free, large scale graphene sheets which have extensive application, yet without any commercial success.However, compared with the high cost of graphene film, graphene oxide (GO) is an easy-to-make material which has a similar structure. The obstacle for GO's application is its low reproducibility sincea number of oxidized side chains are difficult to remove. Even today, the GO structure model is still controversial.This study introduces a new structural model of graphene oxide and its theoretical electronic properties. A number of different models for graphene oxide have been proposed and tested using ab initio calculations. The main simulation and computation theories to establish these structure models in this study are molecular mechanics (MM) and density functional theory (DFT). In the proposed GO structure, the para-substituted epoxide groups stay in close proximity to, but on the opposite sides of the carbon plane, to the hydroxyl molecule. On the edge of GO sheet, the carboxyl prefers attachment in the armchair orientation, while the carbonyl prefers the zigzag orientation.The carbon backbone has a moderate wrinkling located around hydroxyl and epoxide molecules but still maintains a hexagonal graphene-like structure. This configuration repeats along the carbon network with subtle variations so that the chemical composition of GO is variable from 1.5 to 2.5 . And the electronic model also suggests that the band gap of GO can be theoretically tuned both by chemical reduction and controlled oxidation process.3

show abstract

Effect of the C/O ratio in graphene oxide materials on the reinforcement of epoxy‐based nanocomposites

Cited by 55 publications

References 49 publications

Hybrid multifunctional graphene/glass-fibre polypropylene composites

Hybrid multifunctional graphene/glass-fibre polypropylene composites

Electrically conductive GNP/epoxy composites for out-of-autoclave thermoset curing through Joule heating

A theoretical study of graphene oxide chemical structure

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About