Effect of the sample matrix on the determination of indinavir in human urine by HPLC with turbo ion spray tandem mass spectrometric detection

Fu, I.; Woolf, Eric; Matuszewski, B.K.

doi:10.1016/s0731-7085(98)00048-x

Cited by 206 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…ESI was clearly affected by components with a wide polarity range, making this type of ionization highly susceptible to matrix effect. APCI proved less susceptible to matrix effect than ESI [11,17,18], especially in the presence of hydrophobic interferences. Suppression was only observed in the beginning of the chromatograms for all three matrices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Matrix effect in bio-analysis of illicit drugs with LC-MS/MS: Influence of ionization type, sample preparation, and biofluid

Dams

Huestis

Lambert

et al. 2003

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

548

373

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The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the synergistic effect of ionization type, sample preparation technique, and bio-fluid on the presence of matrix effect in quantitative liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS analysis of illicit drugs by post-column infusion experiments with morphine (10-g/mL solution). Three bio-fluids (urine, oral fluid, and plasma) were pretreated with four sample preparation procedures [direct injection, dilution, protein precipitation, solid-phase extraction (SPE)] and analyzed by both LC-electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS/MS and LC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)-MS/MS. Our results indicated that both ionization types showed matrix effect, but ESI was more susceptible than APCI. Sample preparation could reduce (clean up) or magnify (pre-concentrate) matrix effect. Residual matrix components were specific to each bio-fluid and interfered at different time points in the chromatogram. We evaluated matrix effect in an early stage of method development and combined optimal ionization type and sample preparation technique for each bio-fluid. Simple dilution of urine was sufficient to allow for the analysis of the analytes of interest by LC-APCI-MS/MS. Acetonitrile protein precipitation provided both sample clean up and concentration for oral fluid analysis, while SPE was necessary for extensive clean up of plasma prior to LC-APCI-MS/MS. (J

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Matrix effect is defined as the effect of co-eluting residual matrix components on the ionization of the target analyte. Typically, suppression or enhancement of analyte response is accompanied by diminished precision and accuracy of subsequent measurements [11][12][13]. Matrix effect thus limits the utility of LC-MS for quantitative analysis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Matrix effect in bio-analysis of illicit drugs with LC-MS/MS: Influence of ionization type, sample preparation, and biofluid

Dams

Huestis

Lambert

et al. 2003

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

548

373

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“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The matrix effect also alters the collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra. 2,16 In order to reliably identify and quantify compounds, special attention has to be paid to making the calibration curve 10,12,17,20 and to comparing the spectrum pattern. 21,22 The matrix effect can be eliminated by sample preparation, such as diluting the sample, liquid-liquid extraction or solid-phase extraction (SPE).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A New On-line Sample Preparation System for the Liquid Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Simultaneous Analysis of Pesticides in River Water

Sasaki¹,

Yonekubo²,

Hayakawa

2006

ANAL. SCI.

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Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) is an analytical technique that is widely used for the determination of various kinds of environmental contaminants. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Orthogonalacceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry (oa-TOF MS) permits calculating the elemental composition of the chemical compounds for concentrations at the ppb level. 4,6,7 Generally, the use of highly selective LC/MS requires a shorter analysis time and simpler sample clean-up procedures. However, co-eluting species, such as salts, proteins, phospholipids, humic materials and sugars, have a strong effect on the ionization process, referred to as the matrix effect. As a result of the matrix effect, the reproducibility and recovery depend on the sample-preparation method. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The matrix effect also alters the collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra. 2,16 In order to reliably identify and quantify compounds, special attention has to be paid to making the calibration curve 10,12,17,20 and to comparing the spectrum pattern. 21,22 The matrix effect can be eliminated by sample preparation, such as diluting the sample, liquid-liquid extraction or solid-phase extraction (SPE). 9The procedures can be time consuming, laborious and expensive, and can reduce the sensitivity.On-line SPE is one of the practical methods for shortening the clean-up operation. 3,4,13,15,[25][26][27][28] However, this approach is not suitable for simultaneously detecting compounds that have a wide variety of hydrophobicities, because at the front on the analytical column the sample zone of low hydrophobic compounds diffuse as a result of the large volume of the strong solvent that flows from the SPE cartridge.In this report, we present a new automated sample-preparation system that has both at-column-dilution (ACD) 23,24 and on-line-SPE (SPE/ACD), in order to load a large volume of strong eluent onto the analytical column. Experimental Apparatus and reagentsThe HPLC system was a Model 2695-chromatography manager (Waters, Milford, MA, USA) equipped with a 2 mL sample loop and a 2.5 mL syringe. The oa-TOF MS was a LCT-Premier (Waters) equipped with Z-spray electrospray (ESI) source and a Lock spray. The photodiode array (PDA) detector was a Model 2996 (Waters). Each module was controlled by MassLynx software v. 4.0 (Waters). The analytical column was an Atlantis dC18, 150 × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm particles (Waters). The SPE precolumn was an Oasis HLB extraction column 20 × 2.1 mm i.d., 30 μm particle size (Waters). The 10-port 2-position valve was a Model EV700-102-WA (Reodyne, Cotati, CA, USA). The 2695 pump module and the 10-port 2-position valve were electrically connected in order to control the valve. The time events of the valve were switch 1 On, sample preparation position, and switch 1 Off, analysis position. The isocratic (eluting) pump was a Reagent Manager (Waters).Carbofuran, bensulide, carbaryl, diuron, methomyl, benfuracarb, MBC (carbendazim), oxine-copper, thiophanatemethyl, thiram, daimuron, b...

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“…General strategies to tackle ion suppression involve an improvement of the LC separation efficiency and/or a more selective sample cleanup. [3][4][5] Clearly, these strategies lead to a lower sample throughput and a higher workload. Ideally, isotopically labeled internal standards can be used to compensate for suppression (or enhancement) effects.…”

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confidence: 99%

Stable Isotope Dilution-Based Accurate Comparative Quantification of Nitrogen-Containing Metabolites inArabidopsis thalianaT87 Cells Usingin Vivo¹⁵N-Isotope Enrichment

Kim

Harada

Bamba

et al. 2005

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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Effect of the sample matrix on the determination of indinavir in human urine by HPLC with turbo ion spray tandem mass spectrometric detection

Cited by 206 publications

References 19 publications

Matrix effect in bio-analysis of illicit drugs with LC-MS/MS: Influence of ionization type, sample preparation, and biofluid

Matrix effect in bio-analysis of illicit drugs with LC-MS/MS: Influence of ionization type, sample preparation, and biofluid

A New On-line Sample Preparation System for the Liquid Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Simultaneous Analysis of Pesticides in River Water

Stable Isotope Dilution-Based Accurate Comparative Quantification of Nitrogen-Containing Metabolites inArabidopsis thalianaT87 Cells Usingin Vivo¹⁵N-Isotope Enrichment

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Effect of the sample matrix on the determination of indinavir in human urine by HPLC with turbo ion spray tandem mass spectrometric detection

Cited by 206 publications

References 19 publications

Matrix effect in bio-analysis of illicit drugs with LC-MS/MS: Influence of ionization type, sample preparation, and biofluid

Matrix effect in bio-analysis of illicit drugs with LC-MS/MS: Influence of ionization type, sample preparation, and biofluid

A New On-line Sample Preparation System for the Liquid Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Simultaneous Analysis of Pesticides in River Water

Stable Isotope Dilution-Based Accurate Comparative Quantification of Nitrogen-Containing Metabolites inArabidopsis thalianaT87 Cells Usingin Vivo15N-Isotope Enrichment

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Stable Isotope Dilution-Based Accurate Comparative Quantification of Nitrogen-Containing Metabolites inArabidopsis thalianaT87 Cells Usingin Vivo¹⁵N-Isotope Enrichment