Effect of the polymerization parameters on the morphology and spherical particle size of poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) prepared by precipitation polymerization

Shim, Sang Eun; Yang, Sunhye; Jin, Myung‐Jong; Chang, Yoon Ho; Choe, Soonja

doi:10.1007/s00396-004-1086-3

Cited by 46 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…19,20 Furthermore, we have reported the mechanism 21 of the precipitation polymerization based on the surface properties of the microspheres, and the comparison 22 with dispersion polymerization based on the variation of the final size with respect to the polymerization ingredients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size and uniformity variation of poly(MMA-co-DVB) particles upon precipitation polymerization

et al. 2004

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Stable poly(methyl methacrylate-co-divinylbenzene) (poly(MMA-co-DVB)) microspheres were prepared by precipitation polymerization using acetonitrile as the main medium under various polymerization conditions, including modifications of the agitation speed, monomer and initiator concentrations, DVB content in the monomer mixture, and the use of various cosolvents. Gentle agitation was required to obtain smooth spherical particles. The individually stable microspheres were obtained at monomer concentrations of up to 15 vol% in an acetonitrile medium. The number-average diameter increased linearly with respect to increases in the monomer and initiator concentrations. We found, however, that the uniformity of the microspheres was independent of the variation of the polymerization ingredients because nuclei formation was solely influenced by the crosslinking reaction of the monomers. We obtained higher yields for the polymerization at higher concentrations of monomer and initiator. The concentration of DVB in the monomer mixture composition played an important role in determining not only the size of the microspheres but also the yield of the polymerization. In addition, although we employed various cosolvents as the polymerization medium, we found that acetonitrile/2-methoxyethanol was the only system that provided spherical particles without coagulation. This finding indicates that the precipitation polymerization is strongly dependent on the solvent used as the medium.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size and uniformity variation of poly(MMA-co-DVB) particles upon precipitation polymerization

et al. 2004

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“…[24][25][26] In this specific case of precipitation polymerization, the colloidal stability of the microspheres is endowed by the fully crosslinked polymer chains at a very low agitation speed. Since no stabilizer is employed in this technique, the polymer particles lack stability against coagulation during the polymerization.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion polymerization of styrene employing lyophilic comonomer in the absence of stabilizer: Synthesis of impurity-free microspheres

et al. 2009

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Abstract:We investigated the feasibility of dispersion polymerization without any stabilizer, which has been considered essential for ensuring colloidal stability. By employing small amounts of a lyophilic comonomer, 4-vinyl pyridine, styrene was successfully polymerized by dispersion polymerization in aqueous alcohol without stabilizer to afford stable poly(styrene-co-4-vinyl pyridine) copolymer microspheres. The stable microspheres were produced in the 4-vinyl pyridine range of 2-15 wt% to styrene. Without 4-vinyl pyridine, severely coagulated particles were obtained, implying that the poly(4-vinyl pyridine) moiety endowed colloidal stability. The polymerization kinetics, behavior, and properties of the ultimate particles showed general features of dispersion polymerization. The study results suggest that stabilizer-free dispersion polymerization is possible, thereby facilitating the synthesis of impurity (stabilizer)-free polymer particles.

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“…[18] Choe et al have also conducted the precipitation polymerization of DVB with other monomers. [19][20][21] In all these reports, the monomer concentration was kept at 2 wt.-% relative to acetonitrile. The polymerization time lasted 24 h at 70 8C, and monomer conversions were relatively low, with the highest at about 70%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitation Polymerization in Ethanol and Ethanol/Water to Prepare Uniform Microspheres of Poly(TMPTA‐styrene)

Kong

Zhu

et al. 2009

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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The precipitation polymerization of styrene-trihydroxymethyl propane triacrylate has been carried out using ethanol and an ethanol/water mixture as the solvent. Uniform microspheres with high monomer conversion are achieved within 4 h, a much shorter polymerization time than that reported for the precipitation polymerization of divinyl benzene-styrene in acetonitrile. The results clearly demonstrate that use of water as a co-solvent is indeed very effective to promote the polymerization to high conversion and to obtain uniform microspheres. With no water under the otherwise same experimental conditions, only about 57% of monomer conversion is obtained; while the monomer conversion is remarkably increased to 96% when 12 vol.-% of water is used.

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Effect of the polymerization parameters on the morphology and spherical particle size of poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) prepared by precipitation polymerization

Cited by 46 publications

References 24 publications

Size and uniformity variation of poly(MMA-co-DVB) particles upon precipitation polymerization

Size and uniformity variation of poly(MMA-co-DVB) particles upon precipitation polymerization

Dispersion polymerization of styrene employing lyophilic comonomer in the absence of stabilizer: Synthesis of impurity-free microspheres

Precipitation Polymerization in Ethanol and Ethanol/Water to Prepare Uniform Microspheres of Poly(TMPTA‐styrene)

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