Effect of the orthorhombic/rhombohedral volume ratio on the piezoelectric properties of BaCa_xTiO₃–0.04LiF ceramics

Abstract

BaCaxTiO3–0.04LiF (0.010 ≤ x ≤ 0.045) ceramics were prepared by normal sintering at 1100 °C in air. A two‐phase coexisted region across orthorhombic and rhombohedral symmetry was designed by refining the components. The detailed phase structure was analyzed quantitatively by the Rietveld refinement. BaCa0.035TiO3–0.04LiF ceramic showed better properties with d33 = 354 pC N−1, kp = 39%, Qm = 314, and TC = 65 °C, in which the relative proportion of rhombohedral symmetry was 74.86%, the grain size was 6.0 µm and the relative density was 91%, indicating that the synergistic effect of the phase structure, fine grain, and relatively high density contributed to the outstanding piezoelectric properties.

Enhanced electrocaloric effect, energy storage density and pyroelectric response from a domain-engineered lead-free BaTi0.91Sn0.08Zr0.01O3 ferroelectric ceramic

“…To achieve better piezoelectric characteristics, density, homogeneity of grain size and average grain size may be crucial factors. 44 The relation between the domain size and the grain size can be given as follows: 45,46 (Domain size) ∝ (grain size) q where q is a constant. According to eqn (4), a small domain size correlated with a fine grain size.…”