Effect of the Organochlorine Pesticide Endosulfan on GnRH and Gonadotrope Cell Populations in Fish Larvae

Piazza, Yanina Grisel; Pandolfi, Matías; Nostro, Fabiana Laura Lo

doi:10.1007/s00244-010-9621-3

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Since there are no tests available for measuring pituitary hormones in the plasma of non-salmonid species, the methods used are a valid substitute to evaluate pituitary hormones during the annual reproductive cycle in S. parahybae. Similar analyses were performed in other teleost species: C. dimerus (Fiszbein et al, 2010;Piazza et al, 2011;Tubert et al, 2012), S. hilarii (Honji et al, 2013a). Moreover, despite nuclear diameter being a useful tool to analyze neuron activity (Fiszbein et al, 2010;Piazza et al, 2011), as no differences in nuclear diameter were observed in this study, the morphometric analysis was based mainly on the OD and the cellular diameter as indicative of higher or lower cellular activity during the reproductive cycle of S. parahybae.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Gonadotropins and Growth Hormone Family Characterization in an Endangered Siluriform Species, Steindachneridion parahybae (Pimelodidae): Relationship With Annual Reproductive Cycle and Induced Spawning in Captivity

Honji

Caneppele

Pandolfi

et al. 2015

The Anatomical Record

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The aim of this study was to identify and characterize pituitary cells of Steindachneridion parahybae females in captivity, highlighting the possible relationship with reproductive disorders at this level, since this species shows oocyte final maturation, ovulation and spawning dysfunction in captivity. The localization and distribution of growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), somatolactin (SL), b-luteinizing hormone (b-LH), and b-follicle stimulating hormone (b-FSH) immunoreactive (-ir) cells in the adenohypophysis was studied by immunohistochemical and Western blot methods. In addition, cellular morphometric analyses and semi-quantification of ir-cells optical density (OD) during the annual reproductive cycle and after artificial induced spawning (AIS) were performed. Results showed that the distribution and general localization of pituitary cell types were similar to that of other teleost species. However, the morphometrical study of adenohypophysial cells showed differences along the reproductive cycle and following AIS. In general, females at the vitellogenic stage presented greater OD values for GH, PRL and SL than at other maturation stages (previtellogenic and regression stages), probably indicating an increased cellular activity during this stage. Conversely, b-LH OD did not vary during the annual reproductive cycle. After AIS, b-LH, SL and GH ir-cells showed an increase in OD values suggesting a possible involvement on oocyte final maturation, ovulation and spawning or a feedback control on the brain-pituitary-gonads axis. Reproductive dysfunction in S. parahybae females in captivity may be due to alteration of the synthesis pathways of b-LH. In addition, GH family of hormones could modulate associated mechanisms that influence the reproductive status in this species. Anat

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Gonadotropins and Growth Hormone Family Characterization in an Endangered Siluriform Species, Steindachneridion parahybae (Pimelodidae): Relationship With Annual Reproductive Cycle and Induced Spawning in Captivity

Honji

Caneppele

Pandolfi

et al. 2015

The Anatomical Record

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“…Other effects of OCPs on GnRH neurons have been reported using in vivo experimentation. Cichlid fish ( Cichlasoma dimerus ) larvae exposed to a sub-lethal concentration of 0.1 µg/L endosulfan for 30d showed decreased nucleus/cytoplasm area ratio for GnRH1 neurons whereas pituitary follicle stimulating hormone cells showed a significant increase in nuclear size and mean nuclear diameter (Piazza et al, 2011). The authors hypothesized that these changes may be sufficient to affect sexual differentiation and adult reproduction.…”

Section: Legacy Pesticides As Neuroendocrine Disruptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current concepts in neuroendocrine disruption

León-Olea

Martyniuk

Orlando

et al. 2014

General and Comparative Endocrinology

123

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In the last few years, it has become clear that a wide variety of environmental contaminants have specific effects on neuroendocrine systems in fish, amphibians, birds and mammals. While it is beyond the scope of this review to provide a comprehensive examination of all of these neuroendocrine disruptors, we will focus on select representative examples. Organochlorine pesticides bioaccumulate in neuroendocrine areas of the brain that directly regulate GnRH neurons, thereby altering the expression of genes downstream of GnRH signaling. Organochlorine pesticides can also agonize or antagonize hormone receptors, adversely affecting crosstalk between neurotransmitter systems. The impacts of polychlorinated biphenyls are varied and in many cases subtle. This is particularly true for neuroedocrine and behavioral effects of exposure. These effects impact sexual differentiation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and other neuroendocrine systems regulating the thyroid, metabolic, and stress axes and their physiological responses. Weakly estrogenic and anti-androgenic pollutants such as bisphenol A, phthalates, phytochemicals, and the fungicide vinclozolin can lead to severe and widespread neuroendocrine disruptions in discrete brain regions, including the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus, resulting in behavioral changes in a wide range of species. Behavioral features that have been shown to be affected by one or more these chemicals include cognitive deficits, heightened anxiety or anxiety-like, sociosexual, locomotor, and appetitive behaviors. Neuroactive pharmaceuticals are now widely detected in aquatic environments and water supplies through the release of wastewater treatment plant effluents. The antidepressant fluoxetine is one such pharmaceutical neuroendocrine disruptor. Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that can affect multiple neuroendocrine pathways and behavioral circuits, including disruptive effects on reproduction and feeding in fish. There is growing evidence for the association between environmental contaminant exposures and diseases with strong neuroendocrine components, for example decreased fecundity, neurodegeneration, and cardiac disease. It is critical to consider the timing of exposures of neuroendocrine disruptors because embryonic stages of central nervous system development are exquisitely sensitive to adverse effects. There is also evidence for epigenetic and transgenerational neuroendocrine disrupting effects of some pollutants. We must now consider the impacts of neuroendocrine disruptors on reproduction, development, growth and behaviors, and the population consequences for evolutionary change in an increasingly contaminated world. This review examines the evidence to date that various so-called neuroendocrine disruptors can induce such effects often at environmentally-relevant concentrations.

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“…The HPG axis regulates gonadal development and reproduction in fish [19]. The principal HPG axis neurohormone secreted by the hypothalamus is gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Butachlor causes disruption of HPG and HPT axes in adult female rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus)

Zhu

Zha

et al. 2014

Chemico-Biological Interactions

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a b s t r a c tButachlor is a chloroacetamide herbicide widely used in Asia, and may enter the aquatic environment through agricultural application. In this study, plasma VTG and hormone levels (E2, 11-KT, T3 and T4) were determined after the female rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) was exposed to butachlor at environmental relevant concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, and 10 lg/L) for 40 days. The mRNA levels of the HPG axisrelated genes (gnrh, era, vtg, star, lhr, 3b-hsd, cyp11a, cyp17, cyp19a and cyp19b), and the HPT axis-related genes (tra, dio1, dio2, and dio3) were quantified after 20 and 40 days exposure to butachlor. For the HPG axis, the plasma 11-KT was increased at exposure concentration of 10 lg/L, and VTG was significantly decreased at 1 lg/L. Functional genes like gnrh and cyp19b in the brains, star, lhr, cyp11a, 3b-hsd, and cyp19a in the ovaries, and era and vtg in livers were up-regulated. For the HPT axis, the results showed that plasma T4 levels were significantly increased, the gene expression of dio1 was up-regulated, dio2 showed no significant variation, and dio3 was down-regulated in the livers. These results indicated that butachlor may promote the accumulation of T4 in fish through inactive deiodinase type 3. The transcription of HPG axis-related genes could serve as an auto-regulation of hormone levels after exposure to butachlor. Furthermore, the activation of gnrh may play an important role as a feed-back mechanism in the regulation of hormone levels and crosstalk of endocrine axes.

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Effect of the Organochlorine Pesticide Endosulfan on GnRH and Gonadotrope Cell Populations in Fish Larvae

Cited by 31 publications

References 42 publications

Gonadotropins and Growth Hormone Family Characterization in an Endangered Siluriform Species, Steindachneridion parahybae (Pimelodidae): Relationship With Annual Reproductive Cycle and Induced Spawning in Captivity

Gonadotropins and Growth Hormone Family Characterization in an Endangered Siluriform Species, Steindachneridion parahybae (Pimelodidae): Relationship With Annual Reproductive Cycle and Induced Spawning in Captivity

Current concepts in neuroendocrine disruption

Butachlor causes disruption of HPG and HPT axes in adult female rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus)

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