Effect of the new fluorescent brightener Rylux BSU on morphology and biosynthesis of cell walls in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Haplová, Jana; Farkaš, Vladimı́r; Hejtmánek, M.; Kodousek, R; Malínský, J

doi:10.1007/bf00303590

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Conversely, treatment with CFW and other fluorescent brighteners increases chitin production in S. cerevisiae and C. albicans [19], [60], [61]. Therefore, we predicted that nikkomycin Z would be antagonistic with CFW, as has been observed previously with nikkomycin Z and CFW and related fluorescent brighteners in S. cerevisiae [59], [62].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Due to these properties, fluorescent brighteners such as calcofluor white (CFW) have been used extensively in the textile, detergent and paper industry for creating a whitening effect, as well as in fungal diagnostics and research [12], [13], [14], [15]. In fungi, binding of fluorescent brighteners to nascent chitin chains affects normal chitin assembly by competing for hydrogen bonding sites, and because chitin is an essential component of fungal cell walls, fluorescent brightener binding compromises cell wall integrity, inhibiting fungal growth [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21]. Even though chitin comprises the innermost of three layers in cell walls of dermatophytes such as T. rubrum (outer layer β–glucans, second layer galactomannan, inner layer chitin), differing from those of yeast such as C. albicans (outer layer mannoprotein, inner layers β–glucans and chitin), the staining pattern for fluorescent brighteners 220 and 119 indicates that binding predominantly occurs at the chitin layer, causing substantial perturbation of the entire cell wall layer ultrastructure [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calcofluor White Combination Antifungal Treatments for Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans

2012

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Superficial mycoses caused by dermatophyte fungi are among the most common infections worldwide, yet treatment is restricted by limited effective drugs available, drug toxicity, and emergence of drug resistance. The stilbene fluorescent brightener calcofluor white (CFW) inhibits fungi by binding chitin in the cell wall, disrupting cell wall integrity, and thus entails a different mechanism of inhibition than currently available antifungal drugs. To identify novel therapeutic options for the treatment of skin infections, we compared the sensitivity of representative strains of the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans to CFW and a panel of fluorescent brighteners and phytoalexin compounds. We identified the structurally related stilbene fluorescent brighteners 71, 85, 113 and 134 as fungicidal to both T. rubrum and C. albicans to a similar degree as CFW, and the stilbene phytoalexins pinosylvan monomethyl ether and pterostilbene inhibited to a lesser degree, allowing us to develop a structure-activity relationship for fungal inhibition. Given the abilities of CFW to absorb UV 365 nm and bind specifically to fungal cell walls, we tested whether CFW combined with UV 365 nm irradiation would be synergistic to fungi and provide a novel photodynamic treatment option. However, while both treatments individually were cytocidal, UV 365 nm irradiation reduced sensitivity to CFW, which we attribute to CFW photoinactivation. We also tested combination treatments of CFW with other fungal inhibitors and identified synergistic interactions between CFW and some ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors in C. albicans . Therefore, our studies identify novel fungal inhibitors and drug interactions, offering promise for combination topical treatment regimes for superficial mycoses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcofluor White Combination Antifungal Treatments for Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans

2012

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“…This pathway participates in the regulation of cell cycle progress 6,7 and in hypotonic shock signalling 8 . Further, chitin synthesis was earlier described to increase markedly in yeast cells exposed to fluorescent brighteners Calcofluor white and Rylux BSU 9,10 . Chitin synthase 3 gene should be the main target of stimulation in vivo in both Calcofluor white 11 and Rylux BSU 10,12 .…”

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confidence: 87%

“…Further, chitin synthesis was earlier described to increase markedly in yeast cells exposed to fluorescent brighteners Calcofluor white and Rylux BSU 9,10 . Chitin synthase 3 gene should be the main target of stimulation in vivo in both Calcofluor white 11 and Rylux BSU 10,12 . Therefore, CHS3 expression is supposed to be increased in case of plasma membrane stretch.…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Constructs for Production of a Probe for Monitoring of Chs3 Expression in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Kafková¹,

Raclavsky²

2000

BIOMED PAP

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Chitin and β-1,3-glucan are known to play an important role in determination of fungal cell wall rigidity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1 . Three chitin synthases participate in yeast chitin synthesis. ChS1p functions as a reparation enzyme after cell division 2 , ChS2p is responsible for the synthesis of primary septum 3,4 and ChS3p synthesizes chitin in the lateral wall and in the ring at the base of future septum 4 . All of the enzymes are supposed to be cell cycle regulated and expression of CHS3 was described to be strongly reduced in mpk1 mutant 5 . The Mpk1p MAP-kinase is a component of the cell wall integrity and proliferation pathway, known as PKC1-pathway as well. This pathway participates in the regulation of cell cycle progress 6, 7 and in hypotonic shock signalling 8 . Further, chitin synthesis was earlier described to increase markedly in yeast cells exposed to fluorescent brighteners Calcofluor white and Rylux BSU 9,10 . Chitin synthase 3 gene should be the main target of stimulation in vivo in both Calcofluor white 11 and Rylux BSU 10, 12 . Therefore, CHS3 expression is supposed to be increased in case of plasma membrane stretch. This stretch can be caused by hypotonic shock or weakening of cell wall if harmed by fluorescent brighteners. Kamada et al. 13 have found activation of Mpk1p-kinase in response not only to hypotonic shock, but in response to mild heat shock (37 °C) and in response to chlorpromazine, which inserts into the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane lipid bilayer and thus induces an inward membrane stretch. However, we have not found any increase in cell wall chitin content in yeast cells treated with chlorpromazine and have found an decrease in cell wall chitin content in yeast cells grown at 37 °C (unpublished results). On the other hand, cell wall chitin content was increased in cells grown in hypotonic environment. To clarify the role of CHS3 expression in response to different environmental conditions, we decided to construct a RNA-probe, which would allow us to monitor the expression of CHS3. MATERIAL AND METHODSProbe design. Sequences of CHS3 and ACT1 (as control) were obtained from Saccharomyces Genome Database maintained at Stanford University, School of Medicine. These sequences were searched for recognition sites of restriction endonucleases using the freeware Digest. Sequence segments circumscribed by recognition sites of enzymes suitable for cloning were selected and primers were designed to amplify these regions of interest. Freeware Primer 0.5 was used for primer design, annealing temperature was set to be 56 °C. CHS3 and ACT1 sequences with marked primer sequences and restriction sites are summarised in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. µl of TE buffer (TrisCl 100 mM, pH 7.5, EDTA 1mM, pH 8.0) were added, mixed shortly by vortexing and centrifuged at 12 000 g at laboratory temperature for 5 min. Supernatant was transferred into a clean tube, 4 µl of Proteinase K (10 mg/ml) were added, mixed and incubated at 37 °C for 60 min. Then, 68 µl of 5 M NaCl and 54 µl of 10% [w/v] CT...

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“…It is synthesized from p-nitrotlunene via sulfonation, nitration, oxidation, condensation and reduction [4]. Due to the complicated production processes and the low reaction efficiency of these processes, DSD acid manufacturing wastewater is usually characterized by both high concentration of organic substances (COD, BOD and color) as well as high microorganism toxicity [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of DSD acid wastewater using a weak basic resin

Chai

Zhang

2005

Desalination

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Effect of the new fluorescent brightener Rylux BSU on morphology and biosynthesis of cell walls in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Calcofluor White Combination Antifungal Treatments for Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans

Calcofluor White Combination Antifungal Treatments for Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans

Constructs for Production of a Probe for Monitoring of Chs3 Expression in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Treatment of DSD acid wastewater using a weak basic resin

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